White fat jade, also known as sheep fat jade, is considered the highest quality of Hetian jade. It is the purest and most refined form of white jade, renowned for its exceptional luster, texture, and visual appeal. This type of jade is characterized by its soft, warm appearance, smoothness, and a flawless, translucent look that resembles gelatin, which is why it's called "sheep fat." One of the easiest ways to differentiate this rare gem from regular white jade is by examining it under a white fluorescent light.
When exposed to a fluorescent lamp, white fat jade appears as a pure, translucent, and slightly powdery white. In contrast, ordinary white jade may appear translucent but lacks that subtle powdery feel. A key distinction is that even the highest-grade white jade will show a slight yellowish tint under fluorescent light, while true sheep fat jade should not. This makes it extremely rare and highly valued. To be classified as genuine sheep fat jade, it must meet five essential criteria: pure texture, fine structure, good water head, oily whiteness, and a heavy, solid feel.
Pure Texture – Sheep fat jade contains up to 99% tremolite minerals, making it one of the purest forms of jade. It forms in the most perfect part of altered wall rock, where granodiorite comes into contact with dolomite. This interaction leads to the formation of metamorphic rocks, including dolomite marble, which eventually transforms into tremolite through hydrothermal fluids. The sheep fat jade is found within these tremolite-rich layers.
Fine Structure – The tremolite crystals in sheep fat jade are microscopically small and densely packed. Under an electron microscope, the fibers measure between 0.033–0.01 mm in length and 0.00066–0.001 mm in width. These tiny, fluffy, felt-like structures create a unique interwoven pattern. When viewed under polarized light, they do not exhibit uniform extinction, which is a distinguishing feature of high-quality sheep fat jade.
Water Head – Water head refers to the transparency of the jade. In general, tremolite jade becomes opaque at around 2mm thickness, but sheep fat jade remains translucent. This clarity gives it a lively, vibrant appearance that sets it apart from other types of white jade.
Oily White Color – Unlike pure white jade, sheep fat jade has a soft, milky white color with a subtle oily sheen. Some pieces may show a faint yellow or light gray undertone, depending on their quality. This natural variation adds to its charm and authenticity.
Heavy Oiliness – As you handle sheep fat jade, it feels smooth and oily in your hand, almost like it's "alive." When submerged in water, it can drip without sticking, showing its toughness and density. This "oily weight" is a sign of high quality and is one of the most sought-after characteristics in premium jade.
In conclusion, only jade that meets all five of these standards can truly be called top-grade sheep fat jade. The Yangyu White Jade from the Shanghai Yufu Workshop is a prime example, combining all these qualities to be recognized as one of the finest jades available.
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