1. Load-Bearing Walls
What exactly is a load-bearing wall? In buildings with a brick-and-concrete structure, any wall made of prefabricated slabs cannot be removed or have doors and windows installed. Additionally, brick walls that are more than 24 cm thick are typically considered load-bearing. It's important to note that cutting holes or opening doors on such walls can compromise their structural integrity, which is strictly prohibited.2. Reinforcement in the Wall
If we think of a house’s structure as the human body, the steel reinforcement inside the walls is like bones. If the rebar is damaged while installing pipes or cables, it can weaken the strength of both the wall and the floor. In the event of an earthquake, these weakened structures may collapse or crack, posing serious safety risks.3. Beams and Columns in the Room
Beams and columns play a crucial role in supporting the upper floor slabs. Removing them would cause the slab above to fall, which is why they must not be altered or removed under any circumstances.4. Low Wall Near the Balcony
There is often a door or window between the room and the balcony. These can be modified or removed, but the wall below the window—known as the "counterweight wall"—must remain intact. This wall acts like a balance scale, keeping the balcony stable. If you remove it, the balcony’s load-bearing capacity will decrease, potentially leading to a dangerous collapse.5. "Three Defense" or "Five Defense" Doors
These types of doors have frames embedded in concrete. Demolishing them can damage the building’s overall structure and reduce its safety. Moreover, once the structure around the door is compromised, reinstalling a new door becomes much more complex and costly.6. Bathroom and Kitchen Areas
These areas have a waterproof layer on the floor to prevent water from seeping through. Damaging this layer can turn the space below into a "waterfall hole," causing leaks and potential damage. When changing flooring materials, it's essential to protect the waterproof layer. If it's accidentally damaged, a "24-hour water test" must be conducted: filling the bathroom or kitchen with water for a full day and checking for leaks. Only if no leakage occurs is the repair considered successful.By understanding and respecting these structural elements, homeowners can ensure the safety and longevity of their homes during renovations. Always consult with professionals before making any changes to critical parts of the building.
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