1. Load-Bearing Walls
What defines a load-bearing wall? In buildings with a brick-and-concrete structure, any wall made of precast slabs is typically not allowed to be removed or modified. Additionally, brick walls that are over 24 cm thick are often considered load-bearing. It's important to note that cutting doors or windows into these walls can compromise their structural integrity and is generally not permitted.2. Reinforcement in the Wall
If we think of a house’s structure as the human body, the steel reinforcement inside the walls acts like bones. If the rebar is damaged during the installation of pipes or electrical lines, it can weaken the wall and floor’s ability to support weight. In the event of an earthquake, such weakened structures may collapse or crack, posing serious safety risks.3. Beams and Columns in the Room
Beams and columns are crucial components that support the upper floor slab. Removing them can lead to serious structural issues, as the floor above could fall. Therefore, these elements should never be altered or removed without professional consultation.4. Low Wall by the Balcony
There is usually a door or window between the room and the balcony. While these can be modified, the wall below the window must not be touched. This section is known as the "counterweight wall," which plays a key role in supporting the balcony. If this wall is removed, the balcony’s stability is compromised, potentially leading to dangerous situations.5. "Three Defense" or "Five Defense" Doors
Doors classified as "three defense" or "five defense" have frames embedded in concrete. Removing them can damage the building’s structure and significantly reduce its safety. Once the original structure is compromised, reinstalling a new door becomes more complex and costly.6. Bathroom and Kitchen Areas
These areas have a waterproof layer on the floor. Damaging this layer can result in water leakage, turning the space below into a "water hole." When changing flooring materials, care must be taken to avoid damaging the waterproofing. If the waterproof layer is damaged and needs to be repaired, a 24-hour water test is essential. This involves filling the bathroom or kitchen with water for 24 hours and checking for leaks. Only if no leakage occurs is the repair considered successful.Understanding these structural elements is crucial when planning renovations. Always consult a professional before making any changes to ensure safety and compliance with building codes.
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