Based on the current national standard <> GB/T 20776-2006, lifting machinery commonly utilized in mechanical and electrical engineering projects can be categorized into lightweight and small equipment, cranes, and more.
1. Lightweight and Small Lifting Equipment: This category includes jacks, pulleys, hoists, and winches, each with distinct subtypes:
- Jacks: Available in mechanical varieties such as screw and rack types, as well as hydraulic models including vertical and vertical-horizontal configurations.
- Pulleys: Comprise hook-type pulleys, chain-loop pulleys, and hoist-loop pulleys.
- Hoists: Feature hand-operated pull hoists, hand-cranked hoists, electric hoists, pneumatic hoists, and hydraulic hoists.
- Winches: Come in two primary forms—winding winches and friction drum winches.
2. Cranes: These machines are further segmented into bridge cranes, gantry cranes, and tower cranes.
- Bridge cranes resemble bridges visually and operate longitudinally along tracks installed on elevated structures on either side of roads. They provide flexible operation within indoor spaces beneath the bridge, avoiding interference from ground-level vehicles and machinery. As the most widely used crane type, they are prevalent in industrial facilities due to their versatility and applicability across various tasks.
- Gantry cranes represent a modified version of bridge cranes, designed for outdoor operations at freight yards, quarries, and sites dealing with bulk materials. Their structural design incorporates support legs beneath the main beam, enabling movement along railroads on the ground. Equipped with robust side beams, these cranes exhibit high operational efficiency, broad applicability, and are frequently seen in port terminals.
- Tower cranes, also known as tower cranes, originated in Europe. They offer ample internal space during operation, making them ideal for vertical and horizontal material transport and construction material assembly in building projects.
In conclusion, these diverse types of lifting machinery play crucial roles in different environments, ensuring efficient and safe handling of materials in both industrial and construction settings. Each type caters specifically to unique requirements, enhancing productivity while maintaining safety standards across industries.
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