Based on the current national standard <> GB/T 20776-2006, lifting machinery commonly utilized in mechanical and electrical engineering can be categorized into lightweight and small-scale lifting equipment, cranes, and more.
1. Lightweight and Small-Scale Lifting Equipment: This category includes jacks, pulleys, hoists, and winches.
- (1) Jacks: These can be further divided into mechanical jacks such as screw jacks and rack jacks, or hydraulic jacks including vertical and vertical-horizontal types.
- (2) Pulleys: These are available in various forms such as hook-type pulleys, chain-loop pulleys, and hoist-loop pulleys.
- (3) Hoists: Hand-operated options include hand-pulled hoists and hand-cranked hoists, while electric, pneumatic, and hydraulic hoists are also available.
- (4) Winches: These come in two main types, winding winches and friction winches.
2. Cranes: Cranes can be subdivided into several types including bridge cranes, gantry cranes, and tower cranes.
- Bridge cranes resemble bridges in their design. They operate longitudinally along tracks installed on elevated supports on either side of the crane. They are highly versatile and can efficiently handle lifting and hoisting tasks within indoor spaces without obstruction from ground-level machinery. As the most widely used type of crane, they play a crucial role in industrial settings, especially in large and medium-sized factories.
- Gantry cranes are essentially modified versions of bridge cranes. They are ideal for outdoor freight terminals, stone yards, and handling bulk goods. Their metal structure resembles a door frame, with two legs supporting the load-bearing beam, allowing them to move freely along railroads. Gantry cranes are highly adaptable and are frequently seen in ports due to their robust design and high utilization rates.
- Tower cranes, also known as tower cranes, originated in Europe. They are renowned for their spacious interior during operation, making them perfect for vertical and horizontal material transport and the installation of construction materials in building projects.
In conclusion, these types of lifting machinery cater to different needs across various industries, each with its own unique advantages and applications. Whether it’s lightweight tools for precise tasks or heavy-duty cranes for industrial use, they all contribute significantly to modern construction and manufacturing processes.
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