The most elegant, relaxed, fun, and most desirable dynasty of Chinese people should be the Northern Song Dynasty. At this time, the secular aesthetic began to move closer to the literati, and the literary pursuit of the elegant culture became the fashion trend of the entire society. The Song ci poems are popular among the people. The literary tastes and lives expressed by the Song ci poems are highly praised by the emperors and even by the cityites. This point is reflected in the home life, that is, the furniture recognized by the literati aesthetic is becoming more and more popular.
Literati furniture is first of all elegant and natural, fun and practical, comfortable to use; folk furniture is the most front-to-back practicality, and the court furniture puts the equipment in the forefront and emphasizes the level and majesty. This is where they differ. So the understanding of what is beautiful furniture and what is beautiful is completely different.
Portrait of Wen Zhenheng and His Work "Long Things"
Wen Zhenheng made a very clear description of the literati furniture in "Long Things". The first is to stress the style and admire the ancient system. Every piece of furniture is made of what material, how much it is, and what its function is. It is very clear. The pursuit of "formality" is an important feature of the Song Dynasty craftsmanship. The “Building Code†edited by Li Song of the Northern Song Dynasty is clearly embodied. Let's talk about “advocating ancient systemâ€. From the mid-Ming period, the way of advocating ancient and retro styles, the way of life of the Han and Tang dynasties and even the Song Dynasty has become a model for the world to learn and learn from.
Therefore, as an indispensable item in the way of life, furniture has also become an important reference in this trend of the times. Because during the period of the Han and Tang dynasties, there were too few high-grade furniture, so the furniture of the Song Dynasty was restored and recreated. The first prototype. It can be said that the tone of the literati furniture was established in the Song Dynasty. Ming-style furniture was based on this, and the shape and craftsmanship were further improved.
Song "The Eighteenth Bachelor"
Song Dynasty furniture is also a period of rapid development of high-end furniture. A large number of new furniture types emerged at this time, and its large system almost included all the later furniture types. Even if the furniture did not appear at that time, it could find the evolutionary genes of some later furniture.
Prior to the Song Dynasty, Chinese furniture was mainly of dwarf type, and by the Song Dynasty, it had finally ushered in rapid changes from low to high. We can see from the ancient paintings of the Song Dynasty that people used furniture with high-type furniture and low-type furniture. They were harmoniously integrated in the same space, but they did not even feel at liberty. Looking back today, the history of furniture in the Song Dynasty was precisely an important position in the connection.
The high degree of change has directly promoted the improvement of the process. The improvement of the concrete structure is also the core. On the wooden bed unearthed in the Cai Tombs of the Caide Village in Yuanjiang, Jiangsu Province, the large side of the couch and the wiping head were not yet in use. The lattice corners were connected at a 45 degree angle, and then the wedges were fastened. Although the tomb furniture can not completely represent the appearance of furniture in life, but at least it can be explained that before the Song Dynasty, furniture was nailed.
Song "The Eighteenth Bachelor"
The Song Dynasty furniture made a breakthrough in the craftsmanship. Due to the influence of the building at the time, the large wooden beam-type structure method was widely used for furniture design and production. This complements the changes in the shape of the furniture. Although the reference to the architectural structure can be regarded as the furniture of the Song Dynasty, for the inheritance and development of the Sui and Tang furniture, there is no doubt that the furniture of the Song Dynasty was more obvious.
The furniture of the Song Dynasty not only made achievements in the major aspects of the structure, but also attached great importance to the details of the design. The fineness of the furniture of the Song Dynasty was not reflected in the elaborate carving of Qing-style furniture, but the way to win by a different line, which was later inherited by Ming-style furniture and reached the ultimate. The changes in the style of furniture in the Song Dynasty are full of lines. The use of lines, lines, and legs in various lines and lines, and the familiar use of straight lines and curves in decorative patterns reflect the traditional Chinese art's love for "lines", and It has become a great creation in physical terms.
It can be said that the Song Dynasty was a miracle in the history of Chinese furniture. The furniture of the Former Dynasty was constantly being transformed to adapt to the new aesthetic and living needs. New types of furniture were born and the Chinese furniture system was gradually filling.
Yuan or early morning pears fall flat on all sides
In the complete Song Dynasty furniture system, chair furniture in particular is the most impressive. The early high-profile seats were mainly piers and stools, and they had no backrests, such as the Crescent Stool of the Tang Dynasty, and the small crossbow of the earlier period. The same was true for bedding, and there was no history of the history of the beds. The screened arhat bed. At that time, almost all the high-grade furniture did not have the function of relying on it, which directly led to the use of ancient auxiliary devices such as hidden capsules and clams, and continued to prevail.
In the Song Dynasty, armchairs and lamp-hanging chairs began to prevail. This type of furniture, which is superior in applicability, has gradually become an indispensable everyday device in people's lives.
As depicted in the Song Dynasty "Xinhui Tutu", the three people sit around the case and are equipped with a pedal-to-be-adjusted headlight hanging around the chair. The chair is made of bamboo (or imitation bamboo). This shape and aesthetic The pursuit of perfection in the furniture of the later generations.
Song Wenhui map
"Han Xizai night banquet map" a painting, handed down more mainstream view of the world that is Song Song, one of the basis is that, compared with the orderly circulation of the Five Dynasties painting, the style of furniture in this painting is closer to the Song Dynasty, especially the Southern Song Dynasty. Dozens of pieces of furniture in the picture are of complete types, mature forms, and uniform styles. The styles are elegant, colorful, and slim. The typical characteristics of the furniture and structure of the Song Dynasty are already visible. This point was later passed down by Ming style furniture.
Later generations of literati also occasionally have similar ideas in their books. For example, Li Yu’s “Everything in Love†mentions that “the most important thing in civil engineering is to avoid extravagance and lavishness. When you worship the family, when you’re esteemed, you’re the master of the prince. Novelty and elegant, not expensive and delicate. "This kind of advocating Magnolia's understanding is similar to that of Song Chongzhen.
Song "Han Xizai Night Banquet"
The Song dynasty was a state of Shangwen, and “the scholar-bureaucrats were not guilty of wordsâ€. In this environment, literati are a relatively happy group. The literati are historically an important force in promoting the development of arts and crafts.
The aesthetics of the literati of the Song dynasty were presented on the furniture, which was different from the gorgeous style of the Tang Dynasty. The calm, elegant, plain and subtle has become its main artistic style. After the Northern Song Dynasty, the spirit of "not in the world but in the state of mind" was the same. As for the literary mood in the Song Dynasty, how is it?
Su Shi said that "always a text, when the weather is rampant, colored, old and mature, is to make plain", plain beauty, is the aesthetic trend advocated by the literary scholars. During this period, Neo-Confucianism emerged as a form of neo-Confucianism, and developed into the later period, taking "Reason" as the fundamental law of nature. Song people's philosophy is reflected in the furniture, has tended to be "strict, simple, elegant, simple and subtle."
Song Huizong Listening to the Music Chart
The furniture of the Song Dynasty was the beginning of the literary man's furniture. The literati emperor represented by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty pushed the literati art to the top. The emperor not only put paintings, calligraphy, porcelain, etc. on the heights that later generations could not reach, even the furniture. Take a look at the table in "Listen to the piano", which is evident in the exquisite lines of the Song furniture. It is simple and straightforward, and it takes the essence of the lines of God and accurately describes the core of the literati furniture. It is these metaphysical contents that eventually cast a glimpse of the splendor of furniture in the Song Dynasty.
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