Selection and application of vegetable disease prevention pesticides
The basic principles of using pesticides to prevent diseases:
First, early avoidance, induction prevention
After reasonable fertilizer spraying, regulating agricultural methods such as temperature and humidity for disease avoidance is a cost-effective and effective disease prevention and control method. It’s not easy to get sick. Low humidity is not easy to get sick. Clean the diseased leaves and old leaves in the field in time to reduce the persistent infection of the bacteria. After insect nets and sunshade nets, it can be used to avoid pests, virus diseases, and daily burning.
Second, the variety of drugs
The pesticides on the market can be divided into five categories: insecticides , sterilizing agents, viricides, herbicides and rodenticides. Sterilizers and insecticides are commonly used in vegetables. According to the action mechanism of the sterilizing agent, the sterilizing agent can be classified into a maintenance agent, a therapeutic agent and a compounding agent.
1, maintenance agent
After the liquid is sprayed on the leaf surface, it adheres to the surface of the plant to form a maintenance film, so that the bacteria can not invade the leaves, and then the intention is not to be ill. The common maintenance agent is Bordeaux multi-liquid chlorothalonil (Daknin). Manganese zinc (Dasheng, Yibao), Daisen ammonium, Daisen zinc and so on.
The advantages of maintenance agents: First, strong broad spectrum, can avoid a variety of diseases; Second, it is not easy to develop drug resistance, can be used repeatedly in the same growth season and the same crop, and third, the price is relatively low. Pay attention to two points when using it. First, it is necessary to use the medicine in the early stage of the disease to be useful. Second, it is necessary to spray the cloth evenly and thoughtfully.
2, treatment agent
For a certain disease, the agent directly damages the physiologically active agent of the pathogen, and some directly kill the spores, and some directly damage the hyphae.
Common treatments are:
(1) For downy mildew, blight, peat, tripping, etc.: anti-virus cockroach, kelu, metalaxyl, pulic, ethyl aluminum phosphate.
(2) For gray mold: Suikeling (Pythium), chlorhexidine (isourea), chloramphenicol, gray mold, etc.; carbamate and its compounding agent, carbendazim, polymyroxil , Wan Wanling.
(3) For white powder, dry, gray mold, black star, etc.: carbendazim, atropine, chlorhexidine, Shigao, Fuxing, and bacteria.
Therapeutic agents have the following characteristics:
(1) Targeted, different agents for different diseases, use or use the wrong.
(2) The sterilization spectrum is narrow, and a certain agent is only useful for a certain type of disease.
(3) There is a lot of systemic conduction function, and the spray is mainly based on the opposite side of the leaf, coordinating the front.
(4) Has the effect of healing eradication.
(5) Drug resistance occurs in a single application. The use of special sterilizing agents must first be symptomatic, and the amount of liquid should be ensured that the plant can absorb the drug as much as possible into the body.
3, the compounding agent
It is a medicine that combines two or more kinds of medicines, and common ones on the market are: anti-virus cockroach, manganese ethoxide, pseudo-quick, kelu, downy mildew, carbendazim, and carbendazim.
Grasp the above common sense of drugs when using pesticides:
(1) Maintenance medicine should be early and early prevention, and the spray cloth should be evenly distributed, and it is not necessary to participate in the treatment agent during maintenance.
(2) Treat symptomatic medication, use medicine for the first time, fight for one effect, scan the wound twice, control the disease, use maintenance agent and healing agent.
(3) Prevention and control is used in key parts, such as gray mold for controlling vegetables and fruits. When avoiding, it must be started from the flower department. In the case of tomato flowering, take the 1/1000 speed in the 2.4-D, and find that the disease should be removed in time. Cucumber gray mold in the root melon flowering period, the waist melon flowering period, the top melon flowering period and the early use of Suikeling and other sprayed melon flowers to avoid significant effects, found that the diseased melons were removed in time, and then medication control.
(4) Grasp the safety period of pesticide application. In order to reach the requirements of food-free pollution, it is necessary to grasp the safe distance period.
(5) Avoid drug resistance. The whole process is rotated and the drug is mixed to slow down the resistance of the pathogen to the drug.
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