Gas discharge lamps are a type of lighting technology that produces light by passing an electric current through a gas. These lamps can be broadly categorized into two main groups:
1. Low-pressure discharge lamps: This includes fluorescent lamps (low-pressure mercury lamps), low-pressure sodium lamps, and electrodeless lamps. These are typically used in applications where energy efficiency and long lifespan are important.
2. High-intensity gas discharge lamps: These include high-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, and ceramic metal halide lamps. They are known for their brightness and are commonly used in street lighting, industrial areas, and large commercial spaces.
Among these, fluorescent lamps are the most widely used gas discharge sources. They are simple in design, have high luminous efficiency, provide soft and even illumination, and have a relatively long lifespan. Compared to incandescent bulbs, fluorescent lamps are 4-5 times more efficient and can last 3-8 times longer, making them a highly energy-efficient lighting solution.
High-intensity gas discharge lamps operate by creating an electric arc within a sealed tube. The lamp's surface is designed to handle power densities exceeding 3 W/cm², which allows for intense light output. Examples include high-pressure mercury and sodium lamps, as well as metal halide lamps.
Metal halide lamps represent an advanced development based on the principles of both high-pressure mercury lamps and tungsten halogen lamps. By adding various metal halides into the arc tube, these lamps enhance light output and color quality. Different combinations of metal halides allow for the creation of light sources with specific characteristics, such as improved color rendering or higher efficiency. This makes them suitable for a wide range of applications, from indoor lighting to outdoor signage and sports arenas.
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