Chemical control methods for *Pleurotus ostreatus* are effective in managing pests and diseases. According to the Chinese Pesticide Network, the following strategies can be used to ensure healthy mushroom cultivation:
1. Lime: During the fermentation of the growing medium, 4% to 5% quicklime powder is added to create a high-alkaline environment, which helps improve the material’s resistance to diseases. The walls and frames of the mushroom house are treated with concentrated lime water, and after harvesting, clear lime water is sprayed on the mushrooms. This practice helps prevent disease and increase yield. In case of mold damage on wooden structures, lime powder can be applied to the affected areas to control the spread.
2. Sulfur: Before introducing the mushroom spawn, sulfur is used for fumigation disinfection in multiple locations within the mushroom house. The recommended dosage is 5 grams per cubic meter.
3. Formaldehyde: When bacterial contamination occurs, such as from *Trichoderma*, a 2% formaldehyde solution is applied directly to the contaminated areas of the mushroom bags.
4. Bleaching Powder: For partial bacterial contamination in the mushroom bags, a 10% bleaching powder solution can be used. Before using the mushroom house, the walls, floor, and beds should be disinfected with a 150-times diluted bleaching powder solution.
5. Trichlorfon: To prevent infestation by mushroom mosquitoes, a 90% trichlorfon solution diluted 1000 times is sprayed before and after harvest.
6. Dichlorvos: Regular spraying of a 50% dichlorvos solution diluted 1000 times around the mushroom house helps eliminate insect sources and reduce pest populations.
7. Deltamethrin: In cases of severe mushroom mosquito infestations, a 2.5% deltamethrin insecticide diluted between 1500 to 2000 times is sprayed directly onto the mushrooms to control the pests effectively.
8. Poison Bait Trap: Adult pests are attracted to rotten fruit or fermented materials. A simple trap can be made by placing some of these materials in a dish and adding a small amount of 50% dichlorvos diluted 1000 times to catch and kill the pests.
These chemical control measures not only help maintain a clean and safe environment for mushroom growth but also contribute to higher yields and better quality produce. It's important to follow safety guidelines when handling these chemicals to protect both the growers and the environment.
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