Pollution-free vegetables refer to safe, high-quality, and nutritious produce that is free from harmful pathogens and contaminants. These vegetables meet relevant food safety standards and do not pose any toxic effects on the human body. They fully utilize the nutritional and health benefits of vegetables. Therefore, what should be considered when managing pests and diseases in the production of pollution-free vegetables?
Pest control must follow the relevant standards, with minimal use of chemical treatments. Optimizing farming practices involves selecting high-quality varieties and implementing crop rotation. Applying scientific cultivation techniques can enhance vegetable resistance to pests and diseases. It is essential to thoroughly clean crop residues and disinfect regularly. Maintaining proper temperature and humidity in protected areas helps prevent high-temperature and high-humidity conditions that promote disease outbreaks. Using mulch, drip irrigation, or underground irrigation, managing fertilizers, water, and heat, and regulating the environment in greenhouses are all effective strategies. Combining organic and inorganic fertilizers with balanced nitrogen control ensures optimal plant growth.
Physical control methods include grafting technology to manage soil-borne diseases. Grafting cucumber, watermelon, and eggplant has proven highly effective, with a success rate exceeding 95% in controlling cucumber wilt. This method also prevents epidemic diseases and powdery mildew while improving plant resistance and increasing yield. Reflective gray films help avoid aphids and reduce viral disease occurrences. Yellow sticky traps or yellow plates placed in fields or greenhouse vents can effectively trap aphids and whiteflies. Installing insect nets at greenhouse vents significantly reduces pest infestations and insect-borne diseases.
Biological control is another effective approach. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) emulsion is widely used to control pests such as cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths, and cutworms. Virus-based insect control agents like Jinggangmycin and agricultural anti-120 are effective against mites. Live microbial pesticides, including Metarhizium fungi, Bacillus species, and nematodes, provide natural alternatives. Animal-derived pesticides, such as pheromones and parasitic insects, also play an important role in integrated pest management. Plant-derived products like pyrethrin, rotenone, and neem oil offer additional options for pest control.
When using chemical pesticides, it is crucial to follow guidelines strictly. Inorganic fungicides such as sulfur and copper preparations are permitted. Mineral oil emulsions derived from natural sources are also acceptable. Organic synthetic pesticides may be used in limited quantities, but only under strict regulations and with proper safety intervals to ensure no residual harm to the environment or consumers.
The production of pollution-free vegetables must adhere to specific guidelines. First, only approved plant-, animal-, and microbe-derived pesticides are allowed. Sulfur and copper preparations are permitted within mineral-based options. Second, highly toxic, persistent, or carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic pesticides are strictly prohibited. Examples include calcium arsenate, DDT, parathion, and various herbicides. Third, the use of some organic synthetic pesticides is allowed only when necessary, and they must be applied according to strict guidelines and safety intervals.
By following these comprehensive measures, farmers can ensure the production of safe, healthy, and environmentally friendly vegetables that meet the highest quality standards.
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