Before making decisions on biomass energy projects, it is essential to conduct thorough resource investigations. Biomass energy sources are typically scattered, and the collection radius should not be too large, as this can significantly increase collection costs. Beyond local regions, this challenge becomes even more complex.
I. Purpose and Content of the Resource Survey
A comprehensive survey of all available biomass resources must be conducted before project planning. Due to the dispersed nature of biomass, large-scale collection may not be economically viable. In rural China, for example, per capita arable land is only 2 to 4 mu, and each household can provide only about 2 to 3 tons of straw annually. This limits the feasibility of large-scale biomass utilization. Therefore, sufficient preparation and strategies must be in place to address these challenges.
The purpose of the resource survey is not just to identify the presence of biomass but also to determine the "available quantity" within a specific cost range. Resources that are too expensive to collect are not useful. The survey should cover the flow of agricultural residues, local climate conditions, distribution and transportation infrastructure, and the human environment. Detailed aspects include:
(1) Straw Flow Direction:
- Return to fields
- Used as animal feed
- Burned as fuel
- Industrial raw material
- Losses during collection
(2) Local Climate Impacts:
- Crop types
- Number of cropping cycles
- Frost-free period
- Risk of rot and mold
(3) Distribution and Transportation Conditions:
- Density of farmland
- Road quality
- Feasibility of surface transport
- Obstacles to transportation
(4) Human Environment:
- Rural economic development
- Farmers' income levels
- Market awareness
- Government support and awareness
- Local industrial status
- Environmental tolerance
II. Resource Survey Plan
Before conducting the survey, a detailed plan should be developed. The plan includes:
(1) Organization: Identify the responsible parties and ensure coordination with project-specific requirements.
(2) Participants: Define who will be involved and assign responsibilities.
(3) Survey Content: Include data on county economy, agroforestry development, waste treatment, energy use, coal consumption, and biomass technologies.
(4) Survey Objectives: Clarify goals such as exploring biomass fuel development possibilities or identifying existing problems.
(5) Survey Area: List the areas to be surveyed and define key points.
(6) Schedule: Create a timeline and plan the route efficiently.
(7) Survey Methods: Use field visits, meetings, and document reviews.
(8) Preparation: Gather background information and create questionnaires.
III. County (City) Resource Survey
County-level surveys require communication with local government departments. The Southern Development and Reform Commission proposes 3–6 candidate counties. These are further evaluated through field visits and discussions with provincial agencies. Data collected includes population, GDP, farmland area, and per capita income. A summary table helps in shortlisting the best candidates.
IV. Township Resource Survey
Select 3 townships with good resource potential. Investigate straw availability, biomass fuel users, and local policies. Conduct field visits and collect statistical data and policy documents. Summarize key indicators like population, farmland area, straw production, and labor costs. Additional data on transportation, fuel prices, and boiler usage should also be gathered.
This resource survey ensures that biomass energy projects are feasible, sustainable, and aligned with local conditions. It provides critical insights for decision-making and long-term planning.
Source: Resource Survey for Biomass Pellet Fuel Projects
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