Before making any decisions on biomass energy projects, it is essential to conduct thorough resource investigations. Biomass resources are typically scattered and require careful management of collection distances to avoid excessively high costs. If the collection radius is too large, the cost of gathering biomass can significantly increase. Outside the local area, this challenge becomes even more pronounced.
I. Purpose and Content of Resource Survey
A comprehensive survey of all available biomass resources must be conducted before initiating a project. Due to the dispersed nature of biomass, large-scale collection may not be economically viable. In rural China, for instance, per capita arable land is only 2 to 4 mu, and each household can only produce about 2 to 3 tons of straw annually. This limited availability presents challenges for large-scale biomass utilization. Therefore, sufficient preparation and strategies must be in place to address these collection difficulties during project implementation.
The purpose of the resource survey is not just to identify the presence of biomass but also to assess the “available quantity†within a specific price range. Resources that are not economically feasible are of little use. The survey should include the following aspects:
(1) Straw flow direction (e.g., returning to fields, feed, fuel, industrial raw materials, or losses).
(2) Local climate impacts (e.g., crop types, multiple cropping index, frost-free period, and risk of rot or mildew).
(3) Distribution and transportation conditions (e.g., farmland density, road quality, transport feasibility, and obstacles).
(4) Humanistic environment (e.g., rural economic development, farmers’ income, commodity awareness, government policies, and environmental tolerance).
II. Resource Survey Plan
Before conducting the survey, a detailed plan must be established. The plan should include:
(1) Organizing the survey with clear roles and responsibilities.
(2) Identifying participants and assigning a responsible person.
(3) Defining the scope of the investigation, such as county economy, agroforestry development, waste treatment, and renewable energy usage.
(4) Clarifying the objectives, such as exploring biomass fuel development possibilities and existing problems.
(5) Listing the survey areas and defining the content of each site.
(6) Planning the timeline and route.
(7) Selecting appropriate survey methods, including symposiums, field visits, and data collection.
(8) Preparing necessary materials, outlines, and questionnaires.
III. County (City) Resource Survey
County-level surveys require collaboration with local governments. The Southern Development and Reform Commission recommends 3–6 candidate counties. These candidates are further evaluated through field visits, discussions with provincial departments, and collecting relevant documents like yearbooks and policy reports. After analyzing the data, key indicators such as township numbers, population, GDP, cultivated land, and per capita income are summarized in tables to help select shortlisted counties.
IV. Township Resource Survey
Three townships with promising resources are selected for detailed investigation. Data on straw availability, potential users of biomass fuels, and local policies are collected through field visits and discussions with local authorities. Key metrics like population, GDP, cultivated land, and straw production are summarized in tables. Additionally, information on labor costs, freight prices, and energy usage is gathered to support project planning.
Information from: Biomass Pellet Fuel Project Implementation Resource Survey http://
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