[China Aluminum Network] Aluminum alloy doors and windows industry in China has a broad development prospects, the market demand is enormous. Aluminum alloy doors and windows are widely used in outdoor and indoor spaces of public buildings and civil buildings because of their advantages of high strength, abundant surface treatment, high processing precision, and outstanding performance. In the market of doors and windows, aluminum doors and windows products account for The proportion is relatively large, 55%; followed by plastic doors and windows, accounting for 35%; steel doors and windows products have a 6% share; other materials account for the remaining 4%. Aluminum alloy doors and windows occupy a larger proportion of market share. However, the same aluminum doors and windows, their quality and price are also very different, in the end is what causes such a big difference? Let me take you into the world of aluminum doors and windows today. Let us take a look at some of the major factors that affect the performance and price differences of aluminum alloy doors and windows. First, the selection of materials 1.1.1 aluminum alloy doors and windows profile of the current standard "aluminum alloy construction profiles" GB/T5237-2008, its combined award, supply status, chemical composition, mechanical properties, size tolerances should comply with the current national standards "Aluminum alloy building profiles Part 1: Substrate" 5237.1 requirements, the profile can be used to select the ordinary size of cross-sectional size tolerances, with matching requirements should use high-precision or ultra-high precision grade. Among them, materials are mainly used for doors and windows: 6063T5 and 6061T6, and Europe mainly uses: 6060T6. 1.1.2 Wall thickness: Aluminum doors and windows for construction are to be carried out in accordance with “Aluminum Alloy Doors and Windows†GB/T8478-2008. The wall thickness of the main profile used for the main bars, frames, sashes, and splicing frames shall be determined by calculation or test. The main profile is mainly subject to the small measured thickness of the substrate, the outer doors and windows should not be tested below 2.0mm, the outer window should not be less than 1.4mm, and the profiles that need to be assembled elastically, such as the press bars, glands and pinch plates, are generally 0.8-1.2mm. between. When the size deviation is detected, the number of taken sections per batch is 1%, and not less than 10. 1.1.3 Surface treatment Aluminum surface treatment shall comply with the current national standard "aluminum alloy construction profiles Part 2: Anodized profiles" GB5237.2 "aluminum alloy construction profiles Part 3: electrophoretic coating profiles" GB5237.3 "aluminum alloy Building profile Part 4: powder coating profile "GB5237.4" aluminum alloy building profiles Part 5: fluorocarbon paint spray profiles" GB5237.5 regulations shall meet the following requirements: 1. Anodized profile: The thickness of the anodic oxide film of doors and windows under general climatic conditions shall meet the requirements of class AA15, the average thickness of oxide film shall not be less than 15μm, and the local film thickness shall not be less than 12μm; anodized film of doors and windows under harsh outdoor conditions Thickness should meet AA20 level requirements. Anodized film is one of the most ideal surface treatments for aluminum doors and windows because of its corrosion resistance, decorative properties, electrical insulation, high hardness, transparency, and abrasion resistance. 2. Electrophoretic coating profiles: electrophoretic painting after anodic oxidation. The main component is acrylic resin. It was adopted earlier in Japan in the 1960s. Its weather resistance is better than anodized film. Surface paint film using transparent paint should meet the requirements of Class B, the local thickness of the composite film should not be less than 16μm, the surface paint film using colored paint should meet the requirements of class S, the local thickness of the composite film should not be less than 21μm; no bubbles on the decorative surface, non- The decorative surface allows the presence of air bubbles with a diameter of less than 2 mm, with no more than three full branches. 3. Powder spraying profile: The powder is not sprayed with electrostatic spraying. The metal diversion ring on the spray gun head is connected to the high voltage anode, and the aluminum profile is grounded to form the negative electrode. When the compressed air sends the powder from the powder supply pail to the spray gun through the conveying pipe. In the guide ring, the negative electrode generates an electric field discharge to make the powder negatively charged. Under the use of electrostatic force, the powder flies from the muzzle to the aluminum profile and is evenly adsorbed on the surface. The heated powder is melted and leveled and solidified into uniform. coating. The local thickness of the coating is controlled between 40 μm and 120 μm. The smaller local thickness of the coating on the decorative surface should be greater than 40 μm. 4. Fluorocarbon paint spray profiles: Polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF) as the base material, plus metal powder synthesis with metallic luster. Is electrostatic liquid coating, generally divided into two coating, three coating, four coating. Two coating fluorocarbon film, its corrosion resistance is better than powder coating. It is a surface treatment of high-grade aluminum materials, and generally uses peripheral structures such as curtain walls. The average paint film thickness of the decorative surface should not be less than 30μm; the fluorocarbon paint film with three coatings, the average paint film thickness of the decorative surface should not be less than 40μm. Second, the selection of hardware doors and windows from the profiles, hardware, glass, seals and other materials, through a dedicated processing equipment, in accordance with strict design, manufacturing process requirements, a combination of organic systems. Hardware accessories are frames and fans that connect doors and windows, and are important components for implementing various functions of doors and windows to ensure the performance of doors and windows. Door and window hardware according to the opening function points are: external flat-window hardware, internal flat open or hanging hardware, sliding door and window hardware, flat door hardware, folding doors and windows hardware, hanging windows and other hardware. In the "aluminum alloy doors and windows" GB/T8478-2008 the hardware requirements are: opening and closing force, repeated opening and closing performance and other requirements, doors, windows should not exceed 50N of the opening and closing force, can be flexible to open And off. The number of repeated opening and closing of the door should not be less than 100,000 times, and the window should not be less than 10,000 times. The door is opened and closed 30 times a day, and the window is opened and closed 3 times a day, using 10 years of calculation. As for the doors and windows of different architectural buildings for specific projects, the total number of times of repeated opening and closing can be reasonably determined based on their higher frequency of use or age requirements. 2.1 aluminum alloy doors and windows hardware options: Aluminum alloy doors and windows hardware generally consists of: control parts, locking parts, load-bearing parts, auxiliary parts, they complement each other and are indispensable. 1. The main hardware for sliding doors and windows are: pulleys, single-point locks, multi-point locks, and actuators. 1.1 Selection of Pulleys The configuration and quality of sliding doors and windows directly affect the physical properties of doors and windows such as wind pressure resistance and air tightness, as well as the safety and service life of doors and windows. The pulleys have different load-bearing grades due to different material and structural designs. The choice should be based on the size of the profile, the structure and the weight of the sash. 1. The wheel's exterior materials include: polycarbonate, nylon and metal (copper, aluminum, etc.). 2. There are two kinds of pulley bearings: bushing type and ball type. Sleeve-type manufacturing process is relatively simple, bearing significant, but sliding is not very flexible. The ball type is mostly used on the door, with flexible sliding, low noise, and heavy bearing. 3.Sliding wheels are divided into single wheels and double wheels, with adjustable and non-adjustable points. The adjustable wheel adjusts the overlap amount of the frame fan by adjusting the height of the wheel frame, and the double wheel can automatically adjust the balance, and the force is evenly distributed, which is mostly used on the door and the heavier window type. 4. Loading capacity: The weight of a single wheel with good quality is 35kg, and the average is generally about 20kg. The general weight of the two-wheeled vehicle is 50-80kg, and the better one can reach 100kg. The load-bearing capacity is calculated on the two pulleys. The selection of the pulley shall be determined according to the weight of the door and window sash and the installation space of the aluminum profile and the bearing weight of the pulley. The weight calculation of the door and window sash: (Glass weight + profile weight) x safety factor 1.3, the thicker the shaft is, the greater the relative bearing capacity is, and the weight of the double wheel is better than that of the single wheel. 1.2 Selection of crescent locks, single-point lockers and multi-point locks The crescent locks are mainly installed on the sash (hook level) of sliding doors and windows. The crescent locks and lock hooks should be selected according to the structure and width of the sash. Single-point lock: It is a bar-lock, which is installed on the light grid and side seal of the sliding window. According to the structure and width of the light grid and side seal, the bar lock and lock seat are selected. The multi-point lock is installed on the light enterprise and the edge seal. The multi-point lock and the lock seat should be selected according to the light enterprise and the edge seal structure and width. The configurable square shaft type handle lock box type multi-point lock can also be equipped with a fork type handle and a multi-position locking device. 2. Casement window hardware selection: Because the hardware configuration of swing doors and windows is more selective, this is not detailed here. This article mainly describes the control part, the locking part, the load-bearing part and the auxiliary part of the hardware for the casement door and window. 2.1 Control section: Handle: Mainly appearance and color, to maintain consistent architectural style. According to the open mode, choose whether to open or open, pay attention to whether the common use. Select the length of the handle forks and screws according to the profile section. The length of the fork should not exceed 60mm. 2.2 Transmission Locker: The transmission locker is a device that implements a multi-point opening and closing function for the door and window by rotating the handle. The size of the transmission locker should be properly matched with the height of the window sash. To meet the center distance from the thickness and connection strength requirements. The selection of the lock point and the lock block is an important factor to ensure the physical performance of the door and window, and should be determined according to the design's opening specifications and the force capacity of the lock point. The calculation formula of the lock point: n≥F/fa=Wk*S/fa N—the number of lock points. F—Turn on the concentration of fans. Fa—allowed shear force for a single lock point: generally 800N. Wk—wind load standard value. S - open fan area: Under normal circumstances, the window frame height is less than 1200mm for 2 lock points. 2.3 load-bearing part: 1 hinge: It is a device that connects the frame and the fan to open and close the door and the window. Mainly used for flat doors and flat windows. Through the reasonable cooperation of hardware and profiles to ensure a firm installation strength, choose according to the weight of the sash. The choice should pay attention to: flat fan width / height ratio, sash is not greater than 90kg, should not be greater than 0.6; sash weight greater than 90kg, should be greater than 0.39. 3. Sliding support: It is a device supporting the opening and closing and positioning of the window sash. It is mainly used for casement windows and top hung windows. According to the structure divided into single pivot and double pivot. Sliding support for casement windows is based on the requirements of installation dimensions of hardware, and is selected according to the height of the window and the weight of the sash. The length of the selected sliding bracing should be 1/3---2/3 of the width of the sash. Third, the performance of aluminum alloy doors and windows: A good aluminum full gold door and window should meet the requirements specified in "Aluminum Doors and Windows" GB/T8487-2008 and "Aluminum Doors and Windows Engineering Technical Specifications" JGJ214-20010, and also meet the requirements of doors and windows in the region. The performance of aluminum doors and windows is mainly: wind pressure performance, watertight performance, airtight performance, air sound insulation performance, thermal insulation performance, shading performance, lighting performance and other six properties. This article mainly explains the watertight performance and heat preservation performance of aluminum alloy doors and windows. 1. The leakage of aluminum doors and windows is a long-standing problem in the industry. It relates to structural design, window design, processing technology, processing equipment, assembly, installation, site management, personnel quality, and component quality. Waterproofing of doors and windows is a systematic project, which requires comprehensive consideration and reasonable design, processing and construction processes. It has certain requirements for the quality of the sealant and strip used, otherwise it is difficult to solve. The watertight performance of doors and windows should be based on the actual needs of the project, comprehensive use of waterproof, retaining water, drainage and other measures for processing and construction. There are two principles to note here, the use of the rain screen principle and the pressure balance. For flat doors and fixed doors and windows, the space for the mosaic of the part of the door and window glass and the space for the fan and frame of the opening part can be fixed, and the air pressure balance hole and the drain hole can be designed. For fixed windows and doors, use only sealant or sealant to prevent rainwater from entering. Sliding door and window waterproofing should improve the height of doors and windows inside the side flange flange height and other measures, the general water tightness performance of the wind pressure difference 10Pa, sliding down the inner flange ledge height of 1mm or more. The waterproof treatment of the gap between the door frame and the wall of the cavern is crucial. There should be a flexible connection between the door and the window and the wall. The waterproof structure between the bottom frame of the door and the wall and the wall of the cavern can be covered with water board. 2. The insulation performance of aluminum doors and windows is one of the weight indicators to measure the quality of doors and windows, especially in the cold and cold and hot summer and cold winter areas. To improve the insulation performance of doors and windows need to proceed from the aspects of profile, glass and manufacturing, installation process, the following description from the above aspects. The heat-insulating aluminum alloy profile can effectively reduce the heat transfer coefficient of the door and window frame. The K value of the uninsulated bar profile is Kf=5.9w/(m2.K), and the 14.8mm type I heat insulation bar is used, Kf=3.45w /(m2.K). According to general experience: When the length of the insulation bar is increased by 5mm, Kf can be reduced by about 0.3--0.4/(m2.k). After the profile insulation strip is filled with foaming agent, the K value is reduced by about 5-9%, and the glass accounts for 75% of the area of ​​the door and window. The insulation performance of the doors and windows depends largely on the Kg value of the glass. Generally, the glass Kg value: (1) Ordinary monolithic float glass 5mm monolithic glass, U value is only about 5.8W/m2*K. (2) Insulating glass: Insulating glass composed of two pieces of float glass through spacers, with an air layer with a thermal conductivity of about 0.026 W/m·K, which greatly reduces the heat conduction through the glass, such as 6+12A. The U value of the +6 hollow glass is only about 2.8 W/m2*K. (3) Filling the hollow glass air layer with an inert gas: Because the inert gas molecules are large, the fluidity is poor, and the heat transfer generated by the convection of the gas can be reduced. In general, argon gas can lower the glass U value by about 0.2 W/m2*K compared to air. (4) LOW-E hollow glass: a layer of transparent low-radiation film is coated on the glass near the air layer in one piece of the glass of the hollow glass, thereby reducing radiative heat transfer and secondary heat transfer from the high temperature area to the low temperature area. The U value of a single sheet of LOW-E glass is generally around 3.7 W/m2*K, and after the composition of an insulating glass with another ordinary float glass, the U value will be between 1.6-2.0 W/m2*K; if thermal insulation is used The performance of the double silver Low-e glass, heat insulation effect can reach 1.5W/m2*K; and then based on this filling with inert gas, can reach 1.3W/m2*K. Aluminum alloy doors and windows are a collection. Through reasonable technology and professional equipment, according to the requirements of standardization, the profiles, hardware, glass, and components are organically combined to meet the needs of building ventilation and lighting. To achieve these requirements, it must have basic wind pressure, watertightness, and airtight properties. As people's living standards increase, higher requirements are placed on doors and windows, such as sound insulation, insulation, shading, and safety. The quality of doors and windows must be grasped from the source. Advanced structural design and high-quality, stable parts quality are the foundation. Combined with scientific processing techniques and well-trained processing and installation workers, the quality of doors and windows can be guaranteed.