At present, it is a critical period for the growth of autumn grain crops such as rice, corn and potatoes. According to the monitoring of the National Crops Major Pests and Diseases Network, a variety of pests such as pests and corn borers have been aggravated. This issue introduces a set of measures for scientific prevention and control of pests and diseases and green prevention and control for the reference of farmers.
Rice
Strictly prevent "two moving" pests
Rice planthopper control
Harmfulness: Laodelphax striatellus, in general, the direct damage of Laodelphax striatellus to rice is not large, but its spread of stripe-leaf virus disease is harmful to rice and difficult to control. The gray planthopper, the white-backed planthopper, the nymph suck the lower juice of the rice bush, and at the same time discharge a large amount of sugary toxic mucus, making the base of the rice bush black, and the leaves are yellow and dry. If the rice is in the early stage of grain filling, it will often cause "stained ear". White-backed planthoppers and brown planthoppers are directly punctured and have a great impact on rice yield. The white-backed planthopper and the brown planthopper, the nymphs suck the lower juice of the rice plexus, and discharge a large amount of sugary toxic mucus, which makes the base of the rice buds black, the leaves are yellow and dry, and the insects can quickly burst into disasters, causing rice to be sliced. Withered and reduced, the production is severe.
Pesticide control: selection of chemicals. Use high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides to apply in the nymphs of 2~3 years old. Low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides such as buprofezin, pymetrozine, chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam can be used. It is advisable to choose two kinds of matching agents (quick and effective) for the complex field. When selecting a medicine, it is necessary to mix and rotate the medicine scientifically. Apply enough water (60~70 kg per mu) to the middle and lower part of the rice plant, and keep the water layer for 3~5 cm in the field for about 5 days. For the dry field, increase the amount of water when applying the water. After milking, 80% dichlorvos can also be used to fumigate the insecticides.
Prevention and control of rice leaf roller
Harmfulness: The larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis can turn leaves, which can kill 4~5 cockroaches in a lifetime. In the case of rainy weather or disturbing, the number of turning leaves will increase, which will increase the damage. Rice stem borer is a pest that can penetrate the stem. Rice leaf roller is a typical migratory pest. In China, the insects overwinter in the south of 30 degrees north latitude (4 °C isotherm in January). In spring and summer, adults move from south to north with the monsoon, and 11 generations can occur in a year, but different generations occur in different regions. For example, Hebei and Shandong are 2~3 generations; Henan Xinyang, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River such as Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai and northern Zhejiang are 4~5 generations; Hunan, Jiangxi, and southern Zhejiang are 5~6 generations; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi is 6 to 7 generations. As far as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are concerned, 4 to 6 generations occur, and July to September is the main damage period.
Pesticide control: In addition to the commonly used insecticides, insecticides, and Ruijinte, the selected agents are chlorpyrifos (the trade name: 48% Rui frog emulsifiable concentrate 40% Xinnongbao), flubenzuron (5% card gram Dispersing agents), avidin (5% green shaded granules), furanyl hydrazide, profenofos, and Bacillus thuringiensis are all very effective agents.
Recently, various compounding agents have been produced, such as the mixed preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis with insecticidal or insecticidal, the combination of chlorpyrifos and triazophos, fipronil and triazophos (Sancha microemulsion, Ruijie Emulsifiable and Indigo WP). Because of the low resistance of young larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, it is advisable to take chemical control from the peak of hatching to the larval stage of 2nd instar larvae and the stage of rice breakage. It is generally necessary to take the medicine once every 5 to 7 days, and continuously control 2 to 3 times. Practice has shown that it is advisable to use a mist sprayer or a sprayer with a fine spray hole to apply the spray evenly on the rice leaves. The spraying time is better in both morning and evening. Another noteworthy issue remains the need to rotate medications to delay the development of resistance to pests.
Corn
Beware of Lepidoptera pests
corn borer Prevention
Harmful: Corn aphids, also known as corn borers, the main pests of corn, the main pests of corn aphids, their larvae breaking into the main stems or ears of corn, can break the corn stems, resulting in insufficient nutrient supply of corn, poor pollination, resulting in corn Reduce production and quality. The larvae of the heart leaf of the corn feed on the mesophyll or feed on the unexpanded heart leaves, causing the "flowers". After the heading, the stalks are drilled, causing the development of the ear to be blocked and the yield reduced, and the pupils are easy to fold. At the ear stage, the ears and tender grains are eaten, causing grain defects and mildew, and the quality is reduced, and the yield is reduced by 10% to 30%. After hatching, the larvae first clustered at the bell mouth of the corn heart or on the young leaves, and the damaged leaves showed a row of small holes when they grew up. When the corn is pollinated, the larvae damage the male flowers and the female ears and invade from the stems of the leaves, causing wind, early dryness, lack of grain, and thinness. In legumes, it often breaks in from the branch of the tender stem, causing the upper part to die, and the mouth is often piled with a large amount of dung. The mature larvae phlegm in the near hole at the tunnel.
Pesticide control: BT granules, 150 ml per mu, and then uniform with 1.5 to 2 kg of fine river sand, dried and then poured into the heart. 10% chlorpyrifos granules: 350-500 grams per mu. The chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate 0.5 kg of liquid medicine is mixed with 25 kg of fine sand into granules. 3% phoxim granules: 3.5~5 kg per acre, and 1~1.5 grams per plant in the early stage of corn flares. 40.7% chlorpyrifos (Lesburn) EC: 800~1000 times liquid spray.
Corn slime control
Harmful: Corn armyworm eats corn leaves with larvae. When it occurs seriously, it will eat light leaves in a short period of time, resulting in reduced yield or even no harvest. The symptoms are mainly caused by larvae biting the leaves. The 1st to 2nd instar larvae feed on the leaves to cause holes, and the larvae above 3rd instar cause irregular nicks after the leaves, and can eat light leaves when overeating. When the big occurrence occurs, the corn leaves are eaten up, leaving only the veins, causing severe reduction or even failure. When a piece of corn is eaten up, the larvae often move into a group of fields and become a victim of the field. Generally, the terrain is low, the corn plants are uneven, and the weeds are heavily damaged.
Pesticide control: Before the 3rd instar of the larvae of the armyworm, use 20% of the pyrethroid emulsifiable concentrate, 15~45g of water, 50kg of spray, or 5% of the blasting solution, 1000~1500 times of liquid, or 40% omethoate 1500. ~2000 times liquid, or 10% Dagongchen 2000~2500 times liquid spray control. Ecological control: In the young larval stage, the control of juvenile urea 1~3, 200×10~6, does not kill natural enemies, is safe for crops, and uses less to pollute the environment.
Potato
Eliminate "tuber killer"
蛴螬Control
Harmful: 蛴螬 is the larva of the chafer. There are many species of chafers, which occur everywhere. The larvae harm the roots and tubers of the potato underground. The roots of the potato can be bitten into a chaotic shape, and the young tubers can be eaten mostly, biting on the old tubers to form holes, which seriously cause dead seedlings and devastating disasters in the field.
Pesticide control: When applying farmyard manure, it should be fermented at high temperature to make the fertilizer fully decomposed to kill larvae and eggs. The seeds are mixed with seeds and mixed with a seed coating.
The agent treats the soil. For example, use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate for 200-250 grams per 667 square meters, add water 10 times, spray on 25~30 kilograms of fine soil and mix well into toxic soil, apply ridges, then shallow, or the same amount. The poisonous soil is sprinkled on the seed ditch or the ground, and then ploughed, or 5% phoxim granules, or 5% Diyan granules, 2.5~3 kg per 667 square meters of treated soil, can receive good results, and Treating golden worms and cockroaches.
Cutting Rootworm Control
Harmful: commonly known as tigers, larvae harm crops. There are many species of ground tigers, mainly small earth tigers, yellow earth tigers and earth tigers. The ground tiger is an omnivorous pest. The first generation of larvae damages the seedlings of the spring sorghum crops, causing serious lack of seedlings and ridges, and even destroying re-broadcasts. The 1st to 2nd instar larvae damage the young leaves of the seedlings, and after 3 years of age, they are transferred to the underground. Roots and stems, 5 to 6 years old, are the most serious, and the stems of the seedlings can be bitten off from the ground, resulting in lack of seedlings and ridges, affecting yield.
Pesticide control: use bait to kill, use 8% of trichlorfon WP 500g and dissolve with water, mix with fried rapeseed cake or 20kg of glutinous rice, or use about 80kg of fresh grass such as gray ash. The minced and medicinal herbs are mixed and used as poison baits. They are scattered on the ground near the seedling roots in the evening to trap. Control with poisonous soil: use 75% phoxim 1 kg, add a small amount of water, spray fine soil 250~350 kg or smelt phosphorus 1 kg mix fine soil 20 kg stalk bottom and apply near the root of the seedling to form 2 inches wide The medicine belt can be used for 40 pounds per acre of poisonous soil.
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