Fly ash and waste glass chemical composition wtX Table 1 chemical composition fly ash b 3 waste glass b 3 1.2 process ingredients ball mill heating foam annealing annealing packaging 1.3 formula (parts) 1.4 product performance apparent density compressive strength bending Strength porosity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, acid resistance and alkali resistance 2. Building energy-saving insulation material 2.1 New insulation material, foam glass, building insulation, foam glass, waste glass, bottle glass and fly ash. A porous inorganic non-metallic material that is formed by high temperature foaming. The internal bubbles are independent and closed, with a density of 180560kg/ra3 and a thermal conductivity of less than 0.190/! 111 2.2 Comparison of performance of foam glass and other insulation materials At present, the construction insulation materials used in China mainly include rock wool board, expanded perlite products, expanded vermiculite products and foam plastics, although the thermal properties of these insulation materials are relatively good. But there are also some drawbacks. If the rock wool has a large water absorption rate, its thermal conductivity is small when it does not absorb water, and once it absorbs water, its thermal conductivity will increase sharply, and because of the internal absorption of rock wool, it will not easily evaporate for a long period of time, and the building will be insulated. Insulation plays a negative role. The water absorption rate of expanded perlite products and expanded vermiculite products is also large. If a thermal insulation material absorbs 4% by weight of moisture or moisture, it will lose 70% of its thermal insulation.
There are many varieties of foam plastics, mainly polystyrene board, polyurethane board, polyethylene board and so on. Foam plastic generally has lower thermal conductivity than foam glass, but water absorption rate is relatively high, polystyrene board is more than 6%, polyurethane board is more than 4%. Foam plastic expansion coefficient is much larger than cement or steel, dimensional stability is relatively poor, polystyrene The board and polyurethane are 5%, and the foam glass is 0.28%. It is used for building insulation and is easy to shrink and expand and crack. Compared with foam glass, foam has poor fire resistance and cannot be used in areas with high fire protection requirements (such as external wall insulation). Foam plastics also have aging and failure problems as organic materials. Foam glass is an insulation material that does not have the above problems, and can maintain the heat insulation performance for a long time, and can also serve as a second waterproofing effect for roof insulation.
The performance comparison between foam glass and other thermal insulation materials is shown in Table 2. Material Name Bulk Weight Compressive Strength Thermal Conductivity Maximum Use Temperature Water Absorption Rate wt% Flammability/No Rockwool Hard Plate No Water Perlite Perlite Plate No Polystyrene Board Polyurethane Board Feasibility of building energy-saving applications with expanded vermiculite foam-free glass without 2.3 foam glass In the total energy consumption of buildings, heating and cooling energy consumption accounts for 4550% of the total energy consumption of the whole year. If effective energy-saving measures are taken, especially It is an effective thermal insulation treatment for the envelope structure such as the outer wall and the roof, which not only improves the comfort of people's living, but also saves a lot of electricity. When applying building thermal insulation materials, heat insulation materials that meet the performance requirements and are cost-effective should be selected. Insulation materials used in building envelopes generally require low water absorption, high strength, low expansion coefficient, and low thermal conductivity. With its excellent performance, foam glass is not only suitable for the insulation of building exterior walls and basements, but also suitable for roof insulation. During the service life of many buildings in China, most of the roofs need to be refurbished due to the leakage of rain or the insulation effect is reduced, which causes large maintenance costs during the use of the building. At present, China's application and research and development of building insulation materials have made great progress in the past decade. However, there is still a gap between the level of building energy efficiency in developed countries. The experience of using foam glass in the United States as a building insulation material proves that foam glass is durable and has excellent performance and quality. China's application of foam glass in building energy conservation is in its infancy, and there are still many tasks that require scientific research, production, design, construction and other units to work together to promote the application of foam glass insulation and thermal insulation materials in the field of building energy conservation.
3. The application of foam glass in the field of building energy conservation 3.1 The importance of building energy conservation The government started to carry out building energy conservation work in 1987. Through more than ten years of development, China has made great progress in building energy conservation work, and building energy-saving insulation materials are endless. There has been a gratifying situation. Despite this, the central government has attached great importance to the work of strengthening wall materials and promoting building energy-saving materials.
The average daily temperature in China is below 5 °C, and the area above 90 days is the heating area, which mainly includes northeast, north and northwest.
Its area accounts for 70% of China's land area, and heating buildings account for 58.6% of the total construction. Previously, the insulation level of building envelopes in heating areas was low, the airtightness of doors and windows was poor, and the thermal efficiency of heating equipment was low, resulting in huge energy consumption for building heating. Therefore, in 1995, the Ministry of Construction formulated the G26-95 civil building energy-saving design standard, which reduced energy consumption by 50% compared with the original standard. The total heat loss of the building mainly includes the heat dissipation of the envelope structure and the heat dissipation of the door and window gap, the former accounting for 7080%, the latter Accounted for 2030%. Therefore, the main way to save energy in buildings is. Reduce the surface area of ​​the building and strengthen the insulation of the enclosure to improve the airtightness of the doors and windows.
3.2 Application of foam glass in building energy conservation m 3.2.1 Building roof insulation foam glass is used in building roof insulation and insulation structure. There are three main forms: upright roof, inverted roof and inclined roof. Inverted roofing can be used for greening, planting flowers and plants; or for roof sports fields and other use roofs. Foam glass is easy to combine with other inorganic materials, easy to construct, and waterproof, fireproof and heat preservation effect is better.
3.2.2 Building exterior wall thermal insulation foam glass as wall insulation material can effectively reduce the thickness of the wall, reduce the weight of the building structure and expand the use area. For exterior insulation structure using foam glass, see: First, use polymer mortar to paste foam glass on the outer surface of the outer wall; secondly, apply polymer mortar on the surface of the foam glass to coat the surface of the mortar or Tile decorative layer. The use of foam glass for exterior insulation technology has been adopted in Changchun and Hangzhou.
―Waterproof layer-foam glass insulation layer screed layer~S slope layer Hi layer layer lining layer Pn separation layer-waterproof layer 4 flat layer slope layer-structure inverted roof structure upright roof structure slope roof structure external wall insulation 3 The thermal insulation design of the building insulation layer is based on the G26-95 standard, which limits the heat transfer coefficient of the envelope structure of each part of the heating residential building in different areas. Referring to the calculation method of heat transfer coefficient provided by the standard, the series of heat transfer coefficients for the structure are calculated as shown in Table 4. Table 3 shows the heat transfer coefficient and density of various wall materials. Table 6 shows the heat transfer coefficient limits of the external walls of heating buildings. Value (from G26-95) Density and thermal conductivity of various wall materials Table 3 Project exterior layer foam glass polymer mortar Red brick concrete wall Cement mortar Thermal conductivity (w/m2.k) The thickness is 40, 50, respectively. 60mm bubble glass exterior insulation thermal performance index table 4 wall structure wall thickness mm foam glass thickness other layers of material and thickness mm outer wall average heat transfer coefficient w / solid cement mortar polymer mortar 3+3 red brick outside Decorative steel cement mortar reinforced polymer mortar 3+3 mixed exterior layer condensate cement mortar soil polymer mortar 3+3 exterior layer heating residential building exterior wall heat transfer coefficient limit table 5 warm period outdoor average temperature representative city Zhengzhou Beijing Zhangjiakou Changchun Qiqihar outer wall heat transfer coefficient limit w/m2.k refer to Table 4, Table 5 data, taking Beijing area as an example, if the building energy-saving requirements, 240mm thick solid red brick wall structure, thickness should be more than 40nmi Foam glass For example, in the Zhangjiakou area, foam walls with a thickness of 60 ram or more are required for all three wall structures to meet the energy-saving requirements. Therefore, the thickness of the selected foam glass should be calculated according to the difference of heat transfer coefficient in different regions.
3.4 When constructing the construction roof of foam glass, firstly, the drainage slope of the base layer is required to be accurate and level, and the leveling layer or the waterproof layer can be used as the base layer of the paste foam glass. It is preferable to use hot asphalt for foam glass paste or polymer cement mortar. The polymer dry mortar can be mixed with ft water to the appropriate consistency. Secondly, the roofing layer should be wetted in advance when the cement mortar is leveled, or directly on the waterproof layer. When sticking the foam glass, the polymer mortar is wiped to a thickness of 23 mm, and the foam glass is immediately squeezed and gently rubbed to make it adhere firmly, and if necessary, the wood can be tapped lightly. Each piece of foam glass should be left with lOram joints, filled with polymer cement sand, thank you, 晌哂 晌哂 晌哂 晌哂 芰 芰 芰 芰 芰 留 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
When constructing the external wall surface, firstly, the stratified layer of the wall surface should be wetted without water, and the polymer slurry should be applied for 23nmi. Secondly, the polymer cement should be scraped on the top surface and one side of the bonded foam glass plate. Mortar, immediately squeeze the foam glass block to make it stick firmly, and the seam is filled with pulp, making it a waterproof layer with waterproof ability. If the decoration requires the line to be left, the seam should be left in the position of the line, and the joint should be filled with sealant or polymer mortar. The blocks should be staggered and misplaced at least in one direction. In addition, at each floor height, a metal mounting clamp is provided to support the load and shear force of the foam glass to prevent accidental drum cracking.
4 Conclusion Closed-cell foam glass is a kind of thermal insulation material with excellent performance. It can be applied to building energy-saving. Foam glass insulation and thermal insulation materials are inorganic materials. It is firmly combined with other inorganic materials, simple in construction and good in weather resistance. It is worthy of popularization and application.
The thickness of the foam glass should be selected according to G26-95 for the corresponding thermal calculation.
The application of foam glass insulation materials in building energy conservation, 4 structure only, should be based on the standard atlas
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