In wheat production, three key factors influence yield: the number of ears per panicle, the number of grains per ear, and the 1000-grain weight. Among these, the number of panicles per mu (approximately 667 square meters) is typically the most critical factor, as grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight tend to remain relatively stable for a given variety. Therefore, the primary objective in wheat field management is to maximize the number of panicles per unit area. This involves encouraging early tillering, promoting uniform distribution of tillers, and cultivating strong, healthy plants to increase the tillering rate.
Water and fertilizer management during the spring plays a vital role in enhancing tillering. It can be said that timely topdressing and irrigation in spring are among the most effective measures to improve plant growth and development. After the soil thaws in spring, it's essential to apply fertilizers and water promptly, depending on the condition of the seedlings and the soil. This ensures adequate nutrients and moisture for optimal growth and helps convert tillers into productive ears.
The sequence for managing water and fertilizer in wheat fields is generally as follows: first, apply to dry or weak seedlings, then to average ones, and finally to high-yielding, vigorous plants. For second-class wheat, topdressing and watering should occur during the stem elongation stage. The weaker the seedlings, the earlier they should be treated, while more vigorous plants may require later application. First-class wheat is best fertilized during the middle of the stem elongation period, when the base of the stem begins to harden. A typical recommendation is about 15 kg of urea per mu, with 50–60 cubic meters of water. If phosphorus fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer, adding 7–10 kg of diammonium phosphate and 7 kg of potassium fertilizer can further enhance growth.
For de-fermented or weak seedlings that are delayed in development, two applications during the regreening and jointing stages are recommended. Applying diammonium phosphate during the regreening stage tends to be more effective than using urea. After spring rain or irrigation, it’s important to break up the crust by plowing to protect the soil structure and maintain good aeration. These practices ensure better root development and overall plant health, which ultimately contribute to higher yields.
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