Fire spiders, commonly known as wheat spiders or long-legged spiders, are a type of pest that can cause significant damage to crops. In recent months, red wheat spiders have been reported in several wheat fields in Beijing, covering approximately 50,000 mu. This article outlines the symptoms, occurrence patterns, and control measures for these pests.
Symptoms: These spiders feed on wheat by sucking sap from the leaves, causing yellow and white spots. As the infestation progresses, the leaves turn yellow, and the plants may become stunted or even die. The damage significantly affects crop yield and quality.
Occurrence: Wheat spider populations typically complete 3–4 generations per year. Eggs and adults overwinter in soil cracks. In March of the following year, they begin to emerge, with eggs hatching around this time. The peak activity occurs between April and May, when the population increases rapidly and causes the most damage. By late May, adults lay summer eggs, which hatch later in the season, continuing the cycle. A full generation takes about 24–26 days to develop. Wheat spider infestations usually occur 2–3 times a year, with nymphs and eggs surviving through winter on wheat plants and weeds. From mid-March to late April, early-stage insects are most active and cause heavy damage, while their numbers decline by late April. Summer eggs hatch in October, leading to autumn infestations. Both types of wheat spiders reproduce mainly through parthenogenesis. Long-legged spiders prefer dry conditions, thriving at temperatures between 15°C and 20°C, with humidity below 50%. They are most active during the day, particularly between 3:00 and 4:00 PM. During rain or dew, they hide in soil cracks. They are more active before and after 4–5 PM and 8–9 PM. These spiders do not tolerate drought well, surviving best at temperatures between 8°C and 15°C, with humidity above 80%. They hide in the lower parts of wheat stalks. Adults lay eggs in spring on wheat tillers and clods, while in autumn, they lay eggs on fibrous roots and clods. Eggs are laid in clusters, with each cluster containing more than 10 eggs. Watering wheat fields or planting densely can increase infestation levels. Long-legged spiders are particularly prevalent in dry wheat fields.
Control Methods: First, agricultural practices should be used to reduce pest populations. Crop rotation, proper irrigation, and shallow plowing after harvest can help minimize infestations. For chemical control, once wheat begins to regreen, inspect high-risk fields. Randomly select five points, and check 33 cm of wheat plant per point. Use white plastic cloth or a water basin to trap falling insects. If more than 200 larvae are found per 33 cm, and if more than 20% of the leaf surface shows white spots, chemical treatment is necessary. Apply 1.8% abamectin at a rate of 1.5 liters per acre, or spray 50% malathion at a dilution of 3000–5000 times. Alternatively, mix 75 grams of fine soil with 20 kg of 40% dimethoate EC to create toxic soil, and apply it directly to the field.
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