The most cost reductions such as tax assessment and testing will make the company stunned.

Cost reduction is one of the five major tasks for economic and social development this year. Recently, our reporter went to Hangzhou, Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province and Zhengzhou and Luoyang in Henan Province to conduct an in-depth investigation into the cost status of 53 manufacturing companies.
The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year will reduce institutional transaction costs as the first measure in the cost reduction "combination boxing". The surveyed companies also generally believe that the current government should promote the reduced cost is “institutional transaction costs”. Simply put, it is the cost of economy, time and opportunity due to institutional mechanisms. A number of companies said that raw material costs accounted for a large proportion, but prices have been basically stable in recent years, labor costs have risen significantly, but this is the general trend, and institutional transaction costs are numerous and flexible, and hidden in the "grey zone", is becoming the current enterprise The biggest trouble.
"Now is the most important time for the real economy to overcome difficulties. It is also the most crucial time for enterprises to seek transformation. Cost reduction, especially to reduce institutional transaction costs, is to send us a message in the snow" - this is the strongest voice of enterprises in the investigation.
This edition publishes this survey report today, expecting to attract the attention of relevant parties, effectively transforming government functions, further simplifying administration and decentralization, adopting comprehensive measures to reduce institutional transaction costs, improve the business environment, and enable enterprises to go light and attack. difficult.

The burden reduction policy should not be reduced to a “short check”
A good policy to help companies reduce costs, often trapped in the "last mile"
â–  With the documents issued by the municipal government, they ran to the Planning Bureau. The staff said: "We have not received such documents, we can't do it. You will let the city send us a document and we will do it for you!"
â–  After some of the approval powers were transferred from the province to the county development zone, the staff said to the company: "We haven't figured it out yet, you should wait."
"It is difficult to reduce costs. I can't find the temple door with the red head file." Not long ago, Mr. Wang, the deputy general manager of a clothing company in Zhengzhou, was splashed with a cold water.
It turned out that in March of this year, the Zhengzhou Municipal Government issued the "Several Opinions on the Cost-effective Supply of Zhengzhou City to Promote the Sustainable, Healthy and Rapid Development of the Real Economy." In order to reduce the cost of land for enterprises, the "Several Opinions" canceled the upper limit index of the area ratio of industrial enterprises and the height of factory buildings, and encouraged various forms of transfer.
Mr. Wang took the documents and rushed to the Planning Bureau. He wanted to adjust the plant planning and lease some industrial plants.
Who knows, the staff said: "We have not received such a document, we can't do it. You let the city send us a document and we will do it for you!"
"The above policy and the following implementation are sometimes 'two skins'. Going to the provincial capital meeting, the company feels very warm, but when it comes back, it finds that many things can't be pushed, and the grassroots work efficiency is relatively low." Mr. Wang is a little helpless. .
Mr. Wang’s experience is not a case. The decentralization of power and the loosening of enterprises are the "first movers" to comprehensively deepen reforms. Since the establishment of the new government, the State Council has cancelled or decentralized about 600 administrative examination and approval items, and completed the goal of reducing one-third of administrative examination and approval items more than two years ahead of schedule. In the survey, more than 80% of the enterprises reported that after several times of decentralization, the institutional transaction costs decreased. However, there are also some simple government decentralization measures that are trapped in the “last mile” in implementation, and sometimes even lead to good policies becoming “empty checks”.
——The base layer is thin, and some of the powers are decentralized and “unable to pick up” or “don’t want to pick up”.
The respondents generally reported that the cancellation of approvals has helped the company to reduce costs, but sometimes there is no “relaxation”. The power of examination and approval is transferred from the national level to the provinces, cities, and districts, but the examination and approval matters are often not reduced. Enterprises often face the situation that the grassroots staff are few and unable to handle, and sometimes they need to spend more time and energy. "The establishment of grassroots civil servants is small. With the promotion of decentralization and decentralization, the workload of sedimentation to the grassroots level is large, and the quality of work will be affected." Wang Zhenfeng, deputy general manager of Hangzhou Steam Turbine Power Group Co., Ltd. said.
"After some of the approval powers were transferred from the province to the county development zone, the staff simply said to the company, 'We haven't figured it out yet, you should wait.' But the market is changing rapidly, and the company can afford it." The general manager of a company is so emotional.
- The loosening of the surface seems to bring convenience, but in fact the cost of the enterprise has not dropped.
In recent years, administrative service halls have risen everywhere. The approval service concentration, data resource sharing, and one-stop service provided by the service hall are designed to make the company run less errands faster.
However, in the eyes of the company, "some service halls are just a place to receive forms. If you really have to go to this office, you have to run a few chapters."
This is some online declarations to improve efficiency, and it also allows companies to bluntly say "falling time." In the investigation, a food company in Henan Province used an industrial and commercial inspection as an example. “Previously, the materials should be prepared to go to the industrial and commercial bureau for on-site processing. Now it is ok to apply online. It seems to save trouble. You can apply online for 30 days before you can approve it. In the past, you can run the game within a week and you can do it. You need to know that there are dozens of companies every year. If you have 30 days for each item, don’t engage in production this year. Cost?"
——The document is out of the rules, the policy has a basket, and the company can only draw cakes to fill the hunger.
The implementation of the “last mile” of the administration of decentralization is difficult, and there are also reasons for lack of supporting rules and specific measures. Yao Weidong, the financial director of China Yituo, said frankly that some good policies to reduce costs, because there is no refinement, are like hunger for the enterprise. "For example, the overseas financing channels of foreign joint ventures are further liberalized. This is a good thing. However, there is no supporting rules on how to link the RMB funds pool, foreign currency funds pool and corporate taxation policies. Enterprises do not dare to do it." Yao Weidong said that due to lack of operation According to the rules, enterprises are not "dangerous" to "eat crabs", for fear of stepping on the tax evasion.
“Some industrial policies are more difficult to operate.” Wang Zhenfeng said that there are many cost reduction policies issued by governments at all levels. Some 10-page preferential policies can't wait for 50 pages to read. The various terms are difficult to understand. "Enterprises can do business, research documents are not in line, we can not build a policy research room?"

Don't let institutional obstacles trap corporate tax, evaluation, testing and other institutional transaction costs, so that enterprises can not help
■How much tax should be paid by enterprises, some local tax authorities have decided at the beginning of the year, basically based on the “back” tax collection indicators, saying that it is more retreat at the end of the year, but never refunded money ■ one device from one The workshop moved to another workshop next to it, and we must re-do an environmental assessment. If we do at least tens of thousands of yuan, we will let the company see the hope of reducing the cost of institutional transactions, as long as the "last mile" is added. The effect of reform can be better manifested. Further confrontation and the removal of institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict enterprises from moving forward as soon as possible are more calls for enterprises to reduce costs.
- "Tax indicators", retrospective tax collection, over-tax, so that companies feel helpless.
In the survey, a number of companies reported that in recent years, the state has introduced a number of measures to reduce corporate tax burdens, especially the expansion of the “camp reform” pilot program, which has effectively reduced the burden on enterprises. However, in some places, the tax is not collected according to the actual operating conditions of the enterprise, but is assigned by the taxation department at the beginning of the year and distributed to each enterprise, which makes the burden reduction become a taste.
“The central and local governments have said that they need to reduce costs for enterprises. However, the task indicators of some tax departments are not reduced at all. Do you say that the tax burden of this enterprise may fall?” The head of a clothing company in Henan told reporters how many enterprises should pay Taxes, some local tax authorities have decided at the beginning of the year, basically based on the "back" tax collection indicators, said that at the end of the year, more than a small amount of compensation, but never retired. Mr. Zhang, the chairman of an office furniture company in Henan, also said that by the end of the year, tax officials would take the indicators to find companies to ask for money. "If the company says that there is no benefit, they will check the account every day, but they have to bite the money and sometimes even borrow money to pay taxes."
"We have been paying taxes according to the regulations. How can we pay taxes?" At the beginning of last year, Zhejiang Wentai Communication Co., Ltd. suddenly received a notice from the taxation department to pay the three-year stamp duty. This surprised the company's general manager Xiao Xuebing. It turns out that since the last year, the stamp duty on domestic trade purchase and sales contracts in Jiaxing has been changed to both purchase and sale. "The news does not mean that the state is reducing taxes for enterprises? How can it cancel the tax concessions and have to replenish the preferential policies of previous years?" The head of a steel company in Zhejiang also did not understand this: "The stamp duty rate is not high, but it is not high, but At present, the business days are not good. The one-time payment of three years is also about 6 million yuan. The cash flow pressure is very high."
Some enterprises in Henan also reported that the taxes on farmland occupation fees, rental fees, etc., which have not been collected, are now being collected. “The local non-tax revenue administration has been set up at the local level to collect money from the physical stores. The previous year, the two-year tax is required.”
——Some administrative fees are legally compliant, but the charging standards and operation methods are not reasonable.
Some government fees and charges, although well-known, are not in line with the actual situation, but also increase the burden on enterprises to a certain extent. The high standard of employment security for disabled persons is the focus of the enterprises reflected in the survey.
According to the state regulations, the proportion of enterprises that arrange for the employment of disabled persons shall not be less than 1.5% of the total number of employees in service. Any enterprise that arranges for the employment of disabled persons to reach this proportion shall be fully covered by the amount of the difference. Hongfujin Precision Electronics (Zhengzhou) Co., Ltd. has about 300,000 employees, which means it needs to arrange more than 4,000 disabled people to work. It is difficult for enterprises to find so many disabled people who have the ability to work and meet the requirements of the job. The head of Hongfujin’s human resources department said that labor-intensive enterprises have low profit margins on the one hand, and have made considerable contributions to promoting employment on the other hand. Instead, they have to pay higher protection costs for disabled people. Not fair. AVIC Optoelectronics (36.21, -1.74, -4.58%) also calculated an account. According to the calculation formula of Luoyang City Employment Insurance for Disabled Persons, the company has paid more than 2 million yuan per year in the past two years, and the burden is not light.
Employing disabled people and having to prove that disabled people are disabled, this process is also very troublesome. “Not all disabled people have a disability certificate. Some companies have to rent a disability certificate to fill the number.” Zhang Jianhua, deputy general manager of Zhengzhou Nissan, suggested that local government departments should do a good job of reducing the number of local disabled persons and the size of disabled people. Labor-intensive enterprises pay the proportion and standards of employment security for the disabled, and effectively reduce the burden on enterprises.
——Evaluation and testing cost and effort, and hundreds of thousands of yuan.
“As long as the door is open for business, at least 15 evaluations will be done,” said Yan Guoying, deputy general manager of Henan An Nike Industrial Co., Ltd. Safety, quality inspection, land, planning, environment, fire protection, energy consumption, occupational health... which assessment can not be less. In the past, assessments and evaluations were often directly handled by government departments or institutions. In the past two years, with the accelerated pace of decentralization, most of them were handed over to third-party institutions. "At first, I thought that the burden of evaluation and testing will be reduced after the reform. Now it seems that whether it is done by the government or by a third-party organization, there is little difference in cost. Anyway, it is a pre-licensing license, and it can't be done."
“Every month, we have to make various assessments.” Xie Yulong, assistant general manager of Zhengzhou Tongda Optical Cable, takes environmental assessment as an example. Every time a new equipment is installed, a new environmental assessment will be carried out, and the production line transformation will also be re-evaluated. Even if one piece of equipment is moved from one workshop to another, it will be re-evaluated. If you do it at least tens of thousands of yuan, the company can't stand it."
Some evaluations must be carried out in a few steps, which lengthens the evaluation time and causes the company to spend money repeatedly. Some enterprises report that according to the national “three simultaneous” regulations on safety, environmental protection and occupational health evaluation of investment projects, every time a project is completed, regardless of its size, a pre-evaluation should be done before the start of the project. The design should be evaluated and accepted. There is also an acceptance review. Before the start of a project, only nine evaluations will be made for these three evaluations. Companies must arrange for someone to track, even if they are all qualified, it will take a year to complete.
Wang Yage, the head of AVIC's finance department, calculated the account. In 2015, the company's expenditure for “three simultaneous” reached 568,000 yuan, and then the evaluation of the equipment purchased, the evaluation of the production line transformation, and various quality inspection fees, etc. It took several million yuan a year. “The business license, organization code certificate and tax registration certificate can all be combined. Why can’t these assessments be combined?” Wang Yage said that some investment projects only purchase computer software, do not involve construction, and pay for safety. Occupational health special design, really makes the company very helpless.

Inexplicable cost tossing people "tangible hands" are still improperly intervening in the market, enterprises call for "pro" and "clear" political and business relations
■ Sometimes the quality inspection organization goes to the enterprise for inspection, and even the testing equipment is not taken, but as long as it is said to be inspected, it has to pay the fee. ■ “Eat and take” basically disappears, but the phenomenon of “carding” has not been eliminated. Some enterprises maintain political and business relations every year. Expenditure often accounts for 1.2%-1.5% of sales revenue
If taxes and assessments are the institutional transaction costs that all companies call for a reduction as soon as possible, then SMEs and start-ups often have to deal with some inexplicable costs.
——The urban demolition caused the enterprise to “moving death”.
A small household electrical appliance manufacturing enterprise in Henan moved four times in three years because of the adjustment of urban construction planning. “Moving will stop production, while raising workers, renting new plants. Moving into new factories will require re-commissioning of equipment and re-evaluation of certifications. These will cost money. The moving companies have been bruised and bruised.” Said the gentleman. Moving into the new industrial park, there are new troubles. The newly built industrial parks are mostly three-dimensional workshops. It is impossible for enterprises to buy land certificates for only one or several layers. “Without spending 6 million yuan to move into the industrial park, there will be no place for the company to start construction. However, if the three-dimensional factory only buys a layer without a land certificate, it will not get the bank’s mortgage loan, and the funds become a problem.”
Two pharmaceutical companies in Zhejiang have just experienced a relocation, and the financial director of one of the pharmaceutical companies said, “The profitability of the company fell last year due to the relocation investment, the high depreciation of the new factory in the first two years, and the substantial increase in land use tax. Quite a lot. What companies are most afraid of is tossing."
- Some quality inspection agencies charge unequivocal, and it is disappointing when they really need service.
The design, testing, testing, and measurement of instruments and equipment of industrial enterprises require irregular annual inspections, and some projects are inspected once every six months. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have reported that because the inspection fee is too high and the flexibility is too great, they have to sign an annual service contract with a similar "red top institution" such as the Quality Inspection Institute.
"A test with a price of 200,000 yuan, if the company agrees to purchase the packaging service of the 'red top organization' every year, it may be 100,000 yuan for this test; it is necessary to sample 20 samples and pump one. If 'not cooperation' Any quality inspection department at any level can go to the enterprise with production license anytime and anywhere to inspect it. Once the enterprise has to spend about 100,000 yuan." A person in charge of a Henan company reports that sometimes the quality inspection organization goes to the enterprise for inspection, even the testing equipment. Did not bring, but as long as it is an inspection, you have to pay. When companies really need quality inspection services, they are disappointed. "At the end of last year, we felt that a large weighing instrument was not accurate. We invited the quality inspection agency to do the test. But after 5 months, we didn't see anyone. Called and asked, after a while, the organization had to merge and no one, and later said The detection device is not working."
- "Eat and take" is gone, "card to" still exists.
In this survey, SMEs generally reflected that after the implementation of the eight central regulations, government officials did not eat, do not accept gifts, or even drink water, and “eat and take” basically disappeared. However, the phenomenon of “cards” has not been eliminated. The annual non-operating expenses of some enterprises, that is, the maintenance of political and business relations, often account for 1.2%-1.5% of sales revenue. A small business may have millions of dollars a year to "maintain relationships."
“Handing up the materials at the beginning of the year may not be approved until the second half of the year. Do you say that the company still produces and does not produce?” One company said that if you don’t want to wait for so long, you can only find someone to “clear”.
Some enterprises also reported that the fineness of the fines in China's laws and regulations is relatively flexible, and it also provides an opportunity for the relevant departments to "cards." "In many regulations, the amount of fines is from 20,000 yuan to 500,000 yuan. The scale of law enforcement is related to the degree of relationship, which is not conducive to fair competition and corporate burden reduction." A person in charge of a Henan company said.

Reducing the cost of institutional transactions, waiting for the government to reduce the cost of institutional transactions is the key to tide over the difficulties and strive for a better future for the Chinese economy.
â–  To truly reduce the institutional transaction costs of enterprises, not only should the rights be decentralized, but also the power reduction and power reduction. â–  Some evaluation, certification, testing and other intermediary services have too many names, too frequent frequencies, and high fees. I hope that "Merger of similar items"
Cost reduction requires companies to face difficulties, but it is not entirely up to the enterprise itself.
Zhou Qiren, a professor at the National Development Research Institute of Peking University, analyzes the costs of statutory operating costs, the costs of companies responding to potential opportunities, and the institutional and institutional costs of acquiring the key elements of the opportunity to gain access to key elements. The process is difficult and long. “Reducing the cost of institutional transactions, the government must make a difference and create a good institutional environment that allows companies and markets to play a role.”
Li Jin, chief researcher of the China Enterprise Research Institute, believes that reducing institutional transaction costs is largely a process in which the government “moves” its own. The current government has repeatedly cancelled and decentralized administrative examination and approval matters, and promoted the reform of the commercial system and the increase in the business reform. "We should further transform government functions, accelerate the construction of a service-oriented government, and effectively reduce the cost of enterprises."
To create a good institutional environment, companies look forward to intensifying their efforts to reduce the law and change the "decentralization" to "reduction of power" -
Many enterprises in Zhejiang and Henan said that in order to truly reduce the institutional transaction costs of enterprises, they should not only decentralize their rights, but also reduce power and cut power. "'Take off some unnecessary powers and erase some unnecessary approvals, so that 'simplified power reduction' can really loosen the enterprise."
The company appealed that the intensity of “reduction” should be increased, so that every enterprise really feels the decline in costs. For example, in the past three years, the relevant departments have cancelled or decentralized about 600 administrative examination and approval items, and it is estimated that the burden on enterprises and the masses will be reduced by nearly 100 billion yuan each year. Some enterprises report that the burden of this 100 billion yuan is spread over more than 70 million market entities, and each company's burden reduction is about 1,000 yuan. “Can you be stronger?”
To create a good institutional environment, enterprises are looking forward to breaking down barriers to interest, and approving certification and annual inspections to "combine similar projects" as much as possible -
Many companies in the survey said that the intermediary services such as assessment, certification and testing are necessary, but now they have too many names, too frequent frequencies and high fees. They hope to “combine similar projects” and reduce the cost of enterprises.
Many assessment testing projects often require the same materials and follow similar procedures, but each time they look for a third-party agency to go through the program from start to finish, pay a fee. In addition to spending money, it involves more energy. “Annual assessment, assessment, occupational health assessment... Many third-party organizations have these assessment qualifications at the same time. Since these routine assessments have been handed over to third-party agencies, can they allow qualified third-party agencies to issue a package of assessment reports? , all departments are recognized?" said the state camp.
For the certification of products, all localities should realize mutual recognition as soon as possible. At present, in the province, it is necessary to go through the process once and spend several tens of thousands of dollars. When you arrive in the city or development zone, you may have to re-certify and go through the process again. When products are sold to other provinces, they often have to be re-certified and tested. The same process goes through again, which takes time and money. In the view of enterprises, there is no technical difficulty in achieving mutual recognition between regions. The key is to break down barriers to local protection and dare to touch interests.
"The real secret of China's economic success in the forefront of the world is to systematically and massively reduce our institutional costs through reform and opening up. But in high-speed growth, our institutional costs in other areas are like many cost curves. After that, we will go up again. If we do not push this cost curve down, China’s international competitiveness will suffer.” Zhou Qiren believes that systematic reduction of institutional transaction costs is to overcome difficulties and strive for a better Chinese economy. The key to the future.
(Reporter of the newspaper during the day, Wang Zheng, Lu Yanan, Zuo Ya, Liu Zhiqiang, Zhao Zhanhui)

â– Extended reading of institutional transaction costs
Institutional transaction costs, also known as institutional costs, mainly refer to the costs that enterprises need to pay in order to comply with various systems, regulations, and policies formulated by the government. At the end of last year, the Central Economic Work Conference set the cost reduction as one of the five major tasks of economic and social development this year. The reduction of institutional transaction costs is the first measure in the cost reduction “combination boxing”. Institutional transaction costs are costs that cannot be reduced by the company's own efforts. Only by relying on the government to deepen reforms and adjust systems and policies can it reduce the burden on enterprises. (Source: People's Daily)

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