Recently, the Key Laboratory of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry at the Institute of Physics and Chemistry has discovered important scientifically important liquid metal base fluid effects and phenomena, and has made key progress in the research of several new types of chip cooling and thermal energy capture technologies. Corresponding studies reveal the rich physical picture and application value of liquid metals.
From the Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, it was learned that in the paper entitled “Liquid metal patterns induced by electric capillary force†(108: 161602, 2016) published in Applied Physics Letters, the research team discovered for the first time an interesting category. Liquid metal fold wave effect (Figure 1): Liquid metal immersed in the electrolyte between the ring-shaped graphite electrodes can form a variety of symmetrical wrinkle wave patterns induced by the electromagnetic field. The mechanism is that the applied electric field changes the charge distribution on the surface of the liquid metal, and then forms a surface tension gradient difference. The resulting capillary force causes the symmetric deformation of the liquid metal. With the action of the graphite electrode and the permanent magnet, the liquid metal can be rotated by the Lorentz force, thereby forming a more abundant fold pattern. This finding extends the existing research areas of classical fluid wave effects.
In a paper entitled "The rebound motion of liquid metal droplets on flexible micro/nano needle forest" (1600008, 2016) published in "Advanced Materials Interfaces", the team reported that liquid metal droplets are composed of flexible micro/nano The impact, contact, rebound, expansion, or contraction behavior on a surface consisting of a needle-like needle-like jungle reveals that in the case of a specific tip length-diameter ratio, metal droplets can undergo full rebound without any adhesion. This study provides new ideas for the efficient transport or adhesion of liquid metals using micro/nano-scale structures in the future.
In the study “Alternating electric field actuated oscillating behavior of liquid metal and its application†published by Science China Technological Sciences (59: 597-603, 2016; cover article), the authors revealed metal droplets in an electrolyte solution. The law of reciprocating motion under the action of an alternating electric field. Experiments show that at a certain electric field frequency, a strong resonance phenomenon occurs in the movement of the droplet itself; at the same time, under the action of the alternating electric field, the electrolysis of the electrolyte solution and the resulting hydrogen are effectively suppressed. The liquid metal pump can meet the actual needs, and has a simple structure, low power consumption, and has important applications in electrolyte solutions, blood pumping, chip cooling, and fluid mixing.
In the research paper “Electrically driven chip cooling device using hybrid coolants of liquid metal and aqueous solution†(Science China Technological Sciences) (59: 301, 2015, cover article), the authors demonstrated a completely new principle of dual fluids. The chip radiator, which combines the high thermal conductivity of the liquid metal and the high heat capacity of the aqueous solution at the same time, requires only a very low voltage to drive the liquid metal and the surrounding aqueous solution to circulate back and forth, thereby bringing the surface heat of the heating object close to and Far away, the power consumption is extremely low. For example, the device can effectively maintain the heat source temperature below 55°C at a 3W/cm2 heat flux density, and the driving power is only 0.8W. This purely electrically controlled fluid cooler requires no external mechanical pump or even a magnet, which enables simultaneous and efficient pumping of dual fluids. The structure is very compact and can cool down even more energy in optoelectronic devices such as laptops, cell phones, LEDs, lasers, etc. Conversion and use of occasions play a role.
Further, through a special two-fluid design, it is also possible to achieve automatic chip cooling and energy capture driven by a small temperature difference. In a research paper entitled "A volatile fluid assisted thermo-pneumatic liquid metal energy harvester" (108: 023903, 2016) published in "Applied Physics Letters", the authors confirmed that for liquid metal encapsulated in a circulation channel. Heating with a low-boiling working fluid such as isopentane can overcome the gravity and achieve a closed-loop reciprocating motion of the composite fluid. This self-driven operation can be performed even at a small temperature difference of about 10°C. The corresponding device is compact and highly adaptive. This technology has important applications in the field of solar energy, low grade heat capture, and high heat flux chip cooling.
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