When it comes to home decoration, pollution is a common concern that many people overlook. A lot of the issues come from the materials used during the process, especially those containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like formaldehyde, benzene, and xylene. How much do you really know about these harmful substances? Choosing low-emission materials during renovation can significantly reduce indoor air pollution. In this short series, we'll explore the most common sources of decoration-related pollution and share some essential knowledge to help you create a safer living environment.
Formaldehyde is often considered the number one pollutant in home improvement. Many new homes suffer from high levels of formaldehyde, which can have serious health effects. But what exactly is formaldehyde pollution, and how does it affect your health and surroundings? Let’s dive into the science behind it and learn how to protect yourself.
What is Formaldehyde Pollution?
Formaldehyde is a colorless, water-soluble gas with a strong, pungent odor. It's highly volatile, meaning it easily evaporates into the air. This substance is commonly found in building materials, furniture, artificial wood panels, adhesives, and synthetic fabrics. Once released, it can linger indoors for a long time, posing a risk to your health.
Forms of Formaldehyde Pollution
Formaldehyde can react with other chemicals in the air, such as chlorine, to form dangerous byproducts like dichloromethyl ether, which is known to be carcinogenic. Some materials with large surface areas can absorb and store formaldehyde, releasing it back into the air when temperatures rise, worsening the pollution problem. According to China's "Indoor Air Quality Standards," the safe limit for formaldehyde in indoor air is 0.10 mg/m³.
Sources and Health Risks of Formaldehyde
While burning fossil fuels releases only small amounts of formaldehyde, smoking is a major contributor. One cigarette can emit around 2.4 mg of formaldehyde, and the concentration in the smoke can be over 400 times higher than the safety threshold. Additionally, many types of furniture and particle boards use urea-formaldehyde resin as an adhesive, making them a primary source of indoor formaldehyde. Prolonged exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, leading to headaches, allergic reactions, and even asthma. Since formaldehyde binds with proteins in the body, it can damage cell function and cause long-term health issues.
How to Detect Formaldehyde Pollution
There are several ways to check for formaldehyde in your home. For example, placing small goldfish in shallow containers with less than 5 cm of water can indicate high levels—within a week, if they die, it suggests the formaldehyde level is 3 to 5 times above normal. You can also use plants to detect pollution; if they wilt quickly, it may mean the air quality is poor. However, for accurate results, professional testing equipment is recommended. Generally, the free formaldehyde level in a home should not exceed 0.08 mg/m².
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