Waterproof membranes are widely used across various industries, and the construction sector—especially in home decoration—relies heavily on them for effective waterproofing. One of the most common applications is in roofing systems. But how exactly are waterproof membranes applied to roofs? Let’s explore the key steps involved in this process. First, setting up the division joints is crucial. These should be placed at the edges of roof panels, where the roof turns, and around any protrusions like vents or chimneys. The joints must align with the panel seams to prevent cracks from forming due to temperature changes, structural movement, or material shrinkage. If the spacing between joints exceeds 6 meters, a “Vâ€-shaped joint should be added in the middle, extending through the entire thickness of the waterproof layer. In some cases, these joints can also serve as ventilation points, so they may be widened slightly and fitted with vent holes. For roofs using materials like asphalt or linoleum, it's recommended to add a 200–300 mm wide quilt joint at the seams. This is then sealed with asphalt glue to ensure a tight bond. Next comes the roof screed construction. A combination of building and structural slopes is typically used. After determining the slope (usually 3%), a layer of 1:6 cement slag or expanded vermiculite is applied over the structural layer, followed by a 25:1 thick cement mortar leveling layer. When creating the slope, it's important to maintain a proper drainage direction, ensuring that the highest point connects smoothly to the drain. The thickness of the drain area should be at least 30 mm. During pouring, use a roller and ruler to compact the material thoroughly and avoid air pockets. The isolation layer plays an essential role in protecting the waterproof membrane from damage. It is often made of a two-ply, three-oil bituminous sheet placed between the leveling layer and the rigid layer. This not only acts as a barrier but also shields the membrane from UV exposure and weather elements, preventing aging and maintaining its waterproof properties. When laying the waterproof membrane, several important considerations apply: 1. The base layer should be treated with a primer, which needs to be evenly applied and fully dry before the membrane is installed. 2. The membrane should be laid from the lowest point upwards, following the direction of water flow. If the roof slope is steeper than 10%, the membrane should be laid perpendicular to the ridge. 3. The installation method involves peeling off the release paper, sticking the membrane to the base, and overlapping the long side by 50 mm and the short side by 70 mm. The membrane should remain slack and not stretched tightly. After laying, it should be compacted with a flat vibrator, and vertical surfaces should be tapped gently with a rubber hammer. 4. Ideal installation temperatures should be above 5°C to ensure proper adhesion and performance. Finally, the rigid waterproof layer made of fine stone concrete and steel mesh is constructed. A cold-drawn steel mesh (Ф5@200×200) is embedded within the concrete, with breaks at the division joints to improve structural integrity. The steel mesh should be placed as high as possible within the layer, with a minimum cover of 10 mm. The concrete mix should have a strength grade of at least C25, with a water-cement ratio not exceeding 0.55 and cement of at least 425 grade. The thickness of the concrete layer should be no less than 40 mm to prevent rapid drying and ensure full hydration. Surface finishing is critical. The layer should be smooth and even, with proper drainage slope. After the initial setting, secondary troweling helps close surface capillaries, improving impermeability. Water should never be sprinkled on the surface, nor should dry cement or cement slurry be used, as this can cause cracking and reduce effectiveness. Curing is an essential final step. The waterproof layer should be kept moist for at least 12–24 hours, with a minimum curing time of 14 hours. During this period, no foot traffic should be allowed. Proper curing ensures the concrete reaches its full strength and prevents shrinkage-related cracks, which could compromise the waterproofing system.
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