Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to the integration of information technology and communication technology, forming a new field that combines both disciplines. It is not only a technological concept but also an abbreviation for online testing systems. ICT plays a vital role in modern society, supporting various sectors such as education, healthcare, and business through digital solutions.
The International Telecommunication Union's Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) has been actively involved in addressing global challenges, including climate change and environmental protection. In 2012, at the World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSA-12) held in Dubai, ITU’s 193 member states adopted Resolution 73, which highlights the importance of ICT in combating climate change and promoting sustainable development.
ITU-T recognizes that information and communication technologies can significantly contribute to solving environmental issues. By raising awareness about the role of ICTs in environmental sustainability, the organization encourages the development and implementation of green ICT solutions. It also focuses on creating standards that support long-term environmental goals.
One of the key groups within ITU-T working on climate and environmental issues is Study Group 5. The group is currently focusing on several areas, including:
- Q13/5: Reducing the environmental impact of e-waste.
- Q14/5: Developing low-cost, sustainable telecom infrastructure for rural areas in developing countries.
- Q15/5: Enhancing climate change adaptation through ICT.
- Q16/5: Improving the environmental sustainability of ICTs.
- Q17/5: Coordinating energy efficiency and environmental standards in the ICT industry.
- Q18/5: Developing methods for assessing the environmental impact of ICT.
- Q19/5: Studying power supply systems for ICT infrastructure.
To better measure and report the environmental impact of ICT, ITU-T is developing standardized methodologies in collaboration with over 60 organizations, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
The ITU-T L.1400 Recommendation outlines the fundamental principles for assessing and reporting the environmental impact of ICT. It provides guidance on evaluating impacts across different areas, such as:
- ICT products, networks, and services.
- ICT projects.
- Organizational ICT systems.
- City-level ICT (currently under development).
- National or regional ICT systems (also under development).
Additionally, the ITU-T L.1410 Recommendation establishes standardized methods for assessing the direct environmental impact of ICT products, networks, and services, as well as the indirect effects of greenhouse gas emissions from non-ICT sectors. This approach follows the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology outlined in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.
Another important standard is ITU-T L.1420, which sets out guidelines for evaluating the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of ICT systems within organizations. These recommendations help ensure that ICT development aligns with global environmental goals and supports a more sustainable future.
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