1 to reduce the amount of toilet flushing At present, China generally flush ≥ 11L toilet, water consumption. According to the Ministry of Construction's regulations, all flushing toilet ≤ 9L, the residential water-saving 4%, hotels, restaurants can save 3%, office building can save 11% water. At present, 6L toilets are commonly used in the United States and Europe. If 6L flush water is used in all toilets in China in 2001, the water saving of residential buildings will be 14%, 4% for hotels and restaurants, and 27% for office buildings. 2 Kitchen, Bath, Washbasin Washbasin faucets in the kitchen, basin faucets, and washbasins The faucet saves water and does not reduce the diameter of the water column. 3, vacuum water-saving technology In order to ensure the flushing effect of sanitary ware and sewer, vacuum technology can be applied to drainage projects, replacing most of the water with air, rely on high-speed gas and water vacuum vacuum mixture produced quickly sanitary ware sewage, sewage Drainage clean, to save water, drain away the effect of dirty air. A complete vacuum drainage system includes: sanitary wares with vacuum valves and special suction devices, sealed piping, vacuum collection containers, vacuum pumps, control equipment and piping. The vacuum pump generates a negative pressure of 40 ~ 50kPa in the drainage pipe, sucks the sewage into the collection container, and then the sewage pump discharges the collected sewage to the municipal sewer. In all types of buildings using vacuum technology, the average saving more than 40%. If used in office buildings, the water saving rate can exceed 70%. 4 water treatment in apartments, houses and hotels, discharge large quantities of bathing and toilet water, should be considered for its proper treatment for miscellaneous and supplement the cooling water, including toilet flushing, garden irrigation and road cleaning. The recommended water treatment process is: raw water → mechanical grille → hair filter → conditioning pool → coagulation → filtration → activated carbon adsorption → disinfection → in the pool [water pump → water roof tank → special water pipe system → (water meter) water Point] In the hotels, apartments, high-rise residential buildings occupying more than 50% of the total water consumption, consider the use of water treatment system to meet the flushing toilets, green irrigation and cooling water to supplement part of the cooling water requirements, can save At least 30% of the domestic water consumption. Wastewater centralized treatment is conducive to energy saving 1 Small wastewater treatment station problems ①survey of three small wastewater treatment stations, design and processing capacity of 500m3 / d, but the normal operation of the actual organic load is only 20% of design capacity ~ 30% , The full-year hydraulic load operation time is only 1/4, and no frequency control device is installed, "big horse-drawn car" phenomenon prevails. ② small wastewater treatment stations are synchronized with the production, and normal production enterprises have two days a week off, so every time you drive 4 ~ 6h or even longer can not be normal operation (biological bacteria activity recovery process), resulting in energy waste. ③ wastewater treatment effect is better, its effluent after depth treatment of its indicators can reach mixed miscellaneous water standards, but most can not be reused, resulting in waste of water resources. ④ underground pipe leakage caused by environmental pollution. ⑤ individual enterprises for the pursuit of economic efficiency, there are waste water treatment phenomenon, causing environmental pollution. 2 for small-scale wastewater treatment plant energy-saving measures ①Before the wastewater treatment process design should be fully collected first-hand information on the production of waste water to ensure that the design capacity and the actual operating load to adapt and consider the computer control system in wastewater treatment applications . ② The merger of small-scale wastewater treatment station, so that wastewater treatment, will help reduce duplication of investment, to avoid the waste of social resources. ③Environmental protection departments in the enterprise discharge standards at the same time, should be set up specialized agencies to provide technical advice to enterprises so that treated water can be fully utilized to reduce environmental pollution at the same time improve economic efficiency. 3 wastewater treatment of economic and environmental benefits ①a lot of savings in construction investment. The total investment for the three sewage treatment stations is more than 3 million yuan. If the combined investment is about 1.5 million yuan, it will save half of the investment. ② save labor. Each sewage treatment station at least 5 people, after the merger of up to only 10 people, which is conducive to improving social benefits, and promote the rational allocation of social labor force. ③ energy-saving effect is remarkable. Can take full advantage of frequency control devices and computer control systems to make full use of energy, saving at least 50%. ④ promote the reuse of water after treatment. The annual discharge of waste water can be reduced by 30 × 104m3, while saving 30 × 104m3, while the emission of CODCr is reduced by 15t, thus achieving double harvest of economic and environmental benefits. While carrying out supervision and management over the enterprises, the environmental protection department hopes to implement macro-control on the construction of wastewater treatment facilities and provide technical guidance so as to avoid double investment and increase economic and social benefits while reducing the waste of social resources. Removal of the total drains in the clear water tank The drains of the clear water tank are emptying pipes, overflow pipes, blind ditch drains and a total draining pipe to exclude water from the above three pipes. A water plant has 2 capacity of 5000m3 clean water pool, according to the actual construction site canceled the total drain, has been used normally for more than 4 years. The original design of the total drainage pipe (DN1000) exports in the Mo pull channel outside the 750m, construction funds of about 400000 yuan, clear water and wells are located in the shaft of the bearing capacity of large, good permeability pebble layer foundation. Feasibility of removing the total drainage pipe ①Because of the qualified construction of the wall, there is very little leakage of water, that is, a small amount of seepage water can also penetrate into the ground through the blind drainage pipe and the outlet of the well. ②When the clean water pool is running normally, overflow does not occur, even if it happens is short-lived. The upper outlet of the overflow pipe is 3.2m above the outer wellhead of the wall, and overflowing water can be excluded from the wellhead and ground open channel. ③ clean pool is usually only 3 years to clean once each displacement is only 200m3, the drainage can be temporary submersible pump from the export wells in the water pumping to the ground watering green belts. (4) The turbidity and bacteriological indexes of blind ditch drainage pipe and discharge pipe may exceed the standard, but water infiltrates from the bottom of the manhole and will not pollute the groundwater after being filtered by a few tens of meters of pebble layer. Take the appropriate measures ①blind ditch drainage pipes, overflow pipes, vent pipe exit 窨 wells were set up and not connected to each other, the bottom is not concrete or cement mortar, the use of natural pebbles in order to infiltrate. ② overflow pipe, outlet manhole cover with a certain intensity by the anti-corrosion treatment of wood, bamboo and other light materials to make in order to drift when overflowing. Well next to the ground can be open channel to facilitate ground drainage. ③ install 2 sets of clear water level meter, and set the upper limit alarm, when a set of failure by another set of alarm. Automatic control system can also be used to control the upper limit of clear water tank, that is, when the water level reaches the set upper limit, a part of the first pump station pump unit automatically shut down to reduce the amount of water to the Qing pool. Karamay Waterworks in winter beyond the practice of water supply Karamay's industrial and urban water use mainly from surface water, summer water directly from the channel to take water in winter from the reservoir water, the current total water purification capacity of 4 waterworks 23 × 104m3 / d . According to the survey, after the surface of the winter reservoir is frozen, the raw water quality under the ice is superior to that of the water purification plant. The analysis of bacteria, coliform exceeded, the other indicators have reached the standard of drinking water. Since the surface of the reservoir is frozen, the water in the reservoir will be transported by the pipeline. The wind and dust will not cause any pollution to the raw water under the ice. Therefore, it may be considered to take the water supply beyond the waterworks and directly supply the users after sterilization. The winter of 1985, the city conducted several times, a short time beyond the trial run water supply, sampling and analysis of water quality standards, the test was successful. Karamay in 1986 began the winter (late November to late March next year) after the surface of the reservoir frozen ice storage water purification, sterilization directly to the user's practice. In 1987, the Karamay City Health and Anti-Epidemic Station in Xinjiang conducted a one-year investigation and analysis of the quality of drinking water in the area and submitted a formal investigation and evaluation report to the government. The water quality of the report points 100% pass rate, that Karamay regional water quality standards. Xinjiang Petroleum Administration Water Quality Inspection Center of 1992 - 1993 exceeded the main water supply point - Baitan adjustment reservoir water quality testing conducted a analysis. The results showed that after the surface of the reservoir was icy, especially from January to March, the water temperature was very low under ice, a large number of bacteria and coliform bacteria died, and the raw water of the reservoir fully met the standard of domestic drinking water. In November, Layer is not formed, the impact of wind and dust, resulting in turbidity exceeded; November-December, the reservoir water temperature> 0 ℃, bacteria and coliform exceeded. In November, the middle of the reservoir to be purified by the water plant, after sterilization to supply users; late November after the surface of the reservoir ice, the stock of raw water beyond the water supply, sterilization after the supply of users, can be fully compliance. Xinjiang Petroleum Bureau water quality testing center annually for each reservoir of raw water, water purification plants, groundwater multiple sampling test, monitoring water quality over the years shows that it fully meet the national standard GB5749-85 drinking water health standards. Xinjiang Karamay is located in the northern temperate zone, the cold winter up to 4 to 5 months, the use of winter reservoir surface ice, the water plant does not run, the ice inventory of raw water sterilized closed to the user, after 10 years of practice proved to be successful , But also brought considerable economic benefits. ①According to statistics, from 1986 to 2000, the water supply exceeded the water supply by a total of 1.1 × 108m3, and the cost of water saving was 0.39 yuan per 1m3 water, saving a total cost of 43 million yuan. ② The water plant has sufficient maintenance time in winter. The first water purification plant has been in operation for 22 years since it was put into operation in 1978. It has never undergone major overhauls and is operating in good condition to save maintenance costs. ③ 3% to 5% loss of water (backwashing, draining water, leakage, etc.) during the operation of the WWTP, surpassing the water supply in winter, reducing the water loss and saving water resources. Such as a 10 × 104m3 / d water plant, beyond the winter water supply 120d, water loss by 4%, can save 48 × 104m3 / a.
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