The pulverization of feed ingredients is a very important part in feed processing. By pulverizing, the total surface area of ​​the unit mass of raw material particles can be increased, the solubility of feed nutrients in the animal digestive juice can be increased, and the digestibility of the animal can be increased. The small size has a very important influence on the difficulty level of the subsequent processes (such as granulation, etc.) and the quality of the finished product; moreover, the size of the pulverized particle size directly affects the production cost, and the power consumption of the pulverizing process in the production of the powdery compound feed It is about 50% to 70% of the total power consumption. The smaller the pulverization particle size, the more favorable it is for the animal to digest and absorb, and the more favorable it is for granulation, but at the same time the power consumption will increase accordingly, and vice versa. China's annual crushing processing totals more than 200 million tons. As the main equipment of the feed industry, the feed mill is an important factor in the formation of feed quality, feed compensation and feed processing costs. Therefore, properly mastering the crushing technology and selecting the appropriate crusher type is a problem that cannot be ignored in feed production.
1. The main types of feed mills
There are many ways to smash feed, such as chopping, crushing, grinding and crushing. Due to the variety of feeds, different characteristics, and a certain size, a crushing method is often used for processing. Commonly used feed mills are hammer type and claw type.
1.1 hammer chip crusher
The basic structure of the hammer mill includes a cylindrical sieve plate, a hammer rotor, a hammer, and an impact tooth plate fixed around the hammer rotor. The working principle is that the material is introduced into the space between the impact tooth plate, the sieve plate and the rotary hammer piece, and the material is broken into several small particles by hammering and rubbing the material, which is an impact type crushing device. During operation, the material to be processed enters the pulverizing chamber, and is subjected to repeated impact, friction and collision on the tooth plate by the high-speed rotating hammer, thereby being gradually pulverized until the required particle size leaks through the sieve hole. Hammer-type feed mill has been widely used in the feed industry due to its small footprint, high crushing efficiency and low power consumption.
1.2 claw-crusher
The claw cutter is a fixed hammer mill. It consists of a hopper, a fixed toothed disc, an movable toothed disc, a sieve and a frame. The movable tooth plate, the fixed tooth plate and the sieve constitute a crushing chamber. During work, the material enters the crushing chamber from the hopper, is impacted by the moving teeth rotating at high speed, and enters the gap between the moving teeth and the fixed teeth, and is subject to friction and collision. Under the repeated action of impact and friction, the material is pulverized, and at the same time, the wind pressure formed by the rotation of the movable toothed disc is used, and the pulverized material is blown out of the discharge port through the sieve hole. This type of pulverizer has sieves of different pore sizes to suit the requirements of pulverizing different materials and particle sizes.
2 China's feed mill technology development status
Since the 1990s, China's feed machinery industry has been accelerating the reform trend with the enterprises represented by Jiangsu Yuyang Grain Machine Factory and Jiangsu Yangzhou Grain Machine Factory. Jiangsu Zhengchang Group and Jiangsu Muyang Group have been established. These companies boldly introduce advanced foreign technology and equipment. According to the current trend of international development of feed mills, they have developed and produced 160-200kW water droplet crushers and vertical shaft crushers, with the names of water drops, champions and winners. For example, the water droplet type pulverizer adopts a water droplet type pulverizing chamber which is advantageous for improving efficiency, and the hammer screen gap is adjustable, and the coarse and fine pulverization is realized, and automatic load control and the like can also be realized.
The horizontal wide-type vibrating mesh hammer-type pulverizer newly developed by Chinese enterprises is composed of an electric motor, a multi-layer sieve body (the sieve body is divided into an inner layer sieve and an outer layer sieve), a vibrator, a body and the like. Both the coarse pulverization and the ultrafine pulverization with feed can be used in general; the efficiency is high; the powder particles are relatively uniform; the raw materials with high moisture content and the raw materials containing fibers have good adaptability; the long life of the wearing parts of the wearing parts is long; The advantages of long replacement cycle.
3 China's feed mill production enterprises status
At present, there are more than 300 production enterprises of feed mills in China. The varieties and specifications of the products are complete, which can basically meet the needs of the development of animal husbandry and aquaculture in China, but there are some feed mills with special requirements and extra power. The model still needs to be imported from abroad. Many specifications of products currently produced in China have been able to replace imported products. The main technical indicators are close to the international advanced level, and there is a great advantage in price. The various models produced in China have different quantities of exports, of which small pulverizers have large export volumes, mainly exported to third world countries such as Southeast Asia and Africa.
At present, the economic nature of domestic production of crusher enterprises mainly consists of joint-stock, collective, foreign-funded, private (ie individual workshop-type) enterprises. A large part of them are made up of agricultural machinery repair enterprises established in the 1950s and 1960s. Joint stock system or private enterprise. Still others are private companies that have risen rapidly in recent years. Most of the crusher industry is a small enterprise. Only some enterprises that can adjust the product structure according to market demand, and have independent development capabilities, can make efforts to carry out technological transformation, and become the leading enterprises in the industry, such as Zhengchang, Jiangsu. Group, Jiangsu Muyang Group. Most of the rest of the companies are still producing some old models, some of which are maintaining the status, and some are going downhill and it is difficult to maintain their vitality.
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