In addition to the disease in the vegetable growing process, the most difficult thing is the locust. Aphids are highly resistant and extremely difficult to control. Is there any good control method? Today, Xiaobian brings everyone to know:
Vegetable mites
There are many kinds of vegetable aphids, including radish, cabbage, smoky, peach, melon, and soybean meal. Among them, radish, cabbage, and tobacco are the main diseases. The vegetable meal is about 20 generations in 1 year. The vegetable meal is often densely clustered on the back of the leaf. The juice is mainly used to suck the vegetables, causing the plant to lose water and malnutrition, making it grow slowly and stagnant when it is seriously damaged. After the leaves are damaged, they show curling, yellowing and deformation; the stems and peduncles are deformed after being damaged, which affects the fruiting. In addition to direct damage to vegetables, the large amount of honeydew excreted by the worms affects both yield and vegetable quality. In addition, aphids are the main spreaders of various viral diseases. They can transmit the virus from susceptible vegetables to healthy plants in a short period of time. The damage caused by the virus diseases caused by the poisoning is not lower than the damage of the aphids. .
Winter vegetables continue to be harmed in protected areas and greenhouses; in the open vegetable area, the eggs are overwintered by eggs or parthenogenes, and some are overwintered on wintering spinach. In the next three to four months of the next year, the eggs hatch, and after several generations of parasitic breeding, they produce winged mites, then move to the cruciferous vegetables, and then gradually spread to the Solanaceae vegetables or other vegetables, forming a spring hazard peak. In summer, due to the rain, high temperature, and many natural enemies, it is not conducive to the occurrence of rapeseed meal, the damage is relatively light; in late August, as the temperature gradually declines, the rainwater decreases, suitable for the breeding of rapeseed, forming the peak of autumn damage. Therefore, autumn is an important period for controlling rapeseed. In October, the winged hawks migrated to the winter host to breed, and the sexually transmitted stalks were spawned for wintering.
From 2005 to 2008, the occurrence of vegetable aphids was investigated. It was found that the occurrence and damage of rapeseed meal increased, and the density of insect population increased year by year. Especially in the autumn of 2008, it was seriously damaged in autumn seedlings, and the rate of insects reached 100%. The average rate of sorghum is more than 60%, and the average sputum is 500-800/100 plants, with a maximum of 10,000 heads/100 plants. The occurrence of vegetable virus disease is also serious, which has a great impact on the growth and development of Chinese cabbage and radish, and the yield loss is 20%~30%.
Vegetable locust recurrence
1. The scope of the host is expanded and the damage period is long.
In recent years, with the increase of vegetable cultivars, the area of ​​protected areas has expanded from 0.5hm2 in 2000 to 2hm2 in 2008. The variety of vegetables has increased from more than 10 to more than 30, providing ample food and wintering places for aphids. In the past, there were several wintering stages in the winter, but with the development of protected areas, the vegetables no longer overwintered. It continues to be harmful, and the base number is large in the following year. When the spring and autumn occurred seriously, all the vegetable varieties were spared; in addition, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, the vegetable fields were too shady, and the aphids were severely affected.
2, large amount of food, fast reproduction rate
Both the sorghum and the scorpion of the squid suck the sap of the host plant with a sucking mouthpiece. It has been determined that the weight of a head licking 24h is 8 times its own weight. The aphids have strong fertility. Each female can produce about 70 piglets in a lifetime. When the food is abundant in the field, the number of wingless dragonflies is large and clustered. When the food in the field is scarce or the environmental conditions are not suitable, a large number of Winged scorpion, and can spread outwards, causing large losses.
3, strong resistance to drugs, difficult to prevent and control, investment and investment
According to the survey, the investment, investment and drug use of the control of rapeseed meal accounted for more than 50% of the overall control of vegetable pests and diseases. Due to the large amount of medication, the number of prevention and treatment is high, and human and animal poisoning accidents also occur from time to time.
4, poor control of natural enemies
Aphids are greatly affected by natural enemies. For example, when the number of natural enemies in the field such as bee, ladybug, grasshopper, and scorpion fly is large, it has a certain inhibitory effect on aphids. However, due to the blind application of the vegetable farmers, the insects are sprayed and the killing power of the natural aphids is so great that the aphids lose their natural control.
5, the impact of temperature and humidity on the occurrence
It has been observed from recent observations that temperature and rainfall have a great influence on the occurrence of aphids. The temperature of 20~25°C is conducive to the occurrence and damage of aphids. When the temperature exceeds 30°C, the occurrence of aphids is inhibited. If the winter is dry and the temperature is high, it will be heavy in the spring of the next year. The high temperature and high humidity in summer will be harmful to the locusts. If the autumn is dry, the autumn is seriously harmful.
Vegetable locust control method
1. Agricultural control. In the farming system, try to implement rotation and avoid continuous cropping. After the harvest of the previous vegetable, it is necessary to plow the ridge in time to remove the debris in the field to reduce the source of the mites. Aphids like to eat carbohydrates. In the process of vegetable cultivation, it is necessary to apply more decomposed farmyard manure and use less fertilizer as much as possible. In particular, it is not possible to apply too much fertilizer at one time to avoid excessive green and long leaves. If the body's carbohydrates increase suddenly, the mites will burst into a disaster in a short period of time.
2. The natural enemy is ruled. There are many kinds of natural enemies of locusts, mainly including seven-spotted ladybugs, heterosexual ladybugs, grasshoppers, scorpion flies and cockroaches. By taking care of these beneficial natural enemies and using them, we can eliminate a large number of locusts and control the population of locusts. To the extent that it causes a large area. When there are not many locusts in the field and there are a certain number of natural enemies, do not apply pesticides to avoid harming natural enemies and destroying the ecological balance. When the mites are in need of medication for the prevention and treatment indicators, they should also be used in the affected parts of the plants, such as the growth points of the plants, young leaves, young stems, and leaf backs, so as to achieve targeted protection and adequate protection of natural enemies.
3. Yellow plate lure. The winged scorpion has a strong tendency to yellow and orange. In the production, yellow cardboard of 15 cm × 20 cm size can be made, and a layer of 10 oil or a common pesticide is applied to the cardboard, and the yellow cardboard is used. Insert or hang between the rows of vegetables and the top of the vegetables. After the oil yellow plate is trapped with the mites, it should be replaced in time. The yellow plate of the drug can make the mites touch the medicine and die.
4. Silver ash membrane to avoid cockroaches. Aphids have a strong evasive effect on silver gray, which can be used to hang some silver-gray plastic strips in the field or to cover vegetables with silver-gray mulch.
5. Urine wash mixture to eliminate phlegm. Urea, washing powder and water are prepared into a urine washing agent at a ratio of 4:1:400, sprayed evenly and finely on both sides of the blade, spraying 60 kg per mu, and spraying 2 to 3 times. Spraying urine washing agent not only has good control effect on vegetable aphids, but also has the effect of foliar fertilization and growth promotion. However, the urine washing agent should be used now to prevent the urea volatilization from failing.
6. Plant mites. (1) Tobacco is ground into fine powder, and a small amount of lime powder is applied; (2) pepper or wild herbs are soaked in water for a day and night, filtered and sprayed; (3) ramie leaves are smashed and applied, or soaked with water 1:2 After boiling for 10 minutes, filter and spray; (4) Peach leaves soaked in water for a day and night, add a small amount of quicklime, filter and spray.
7. Plant drive. For example, the volatile smell of amaranth has a repellent effect on aphids, so the combination of amaranth and other vegetables can reduce the density of aphids and reduce the damage of aphids to vegetables.
8. Pig bile is sputum. Adding an appropriate amount of baking soda or washing powder to 10% of the pig's bile, directly sprayed on the vegetable plants endangered by aphids and cabbage caterpillars, can effectively kill the pests. The diluted liquid can remain inactive for 10 to 12 days.
9. Lime powder is smashed. Sprinkle lime powder on the leaves of the locusts, and the mites will soon be killed.
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(Source: Good Agricultural Resources Network)
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