China's bio-natural gas resources are rich, and the potential of bio-natural gas that can be prepared from straw, livestock and poultry manure, domestic garbage, sludge, various types of biogas residues is about 150 billion cubic meters, which can completely replace China's natural gas imports. A few days ago, the National Energy Administration issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Industrialization of Biogas (Exposure Draft)". The "Opinions" proposes to coordinate the support policies for the supply, storage and marketing of renewable energy and natural gas production, integrate bio-natural gas into large energy sources, and promote the accelerated development of bio-natural gas in an industrialized and market-oriented manner. According to the guidance, it is expected that from 2020 to 2030, the production of biogas will increase from 2 billion cubic meters to 30 billion cubic meters.
The composition of biogas is mainly methane (50% ~ 60%) and carbon dioxide (40% ~ 50%). After decarburization (carbon dioxide), bio-natural gas with the same quality as natural gas can be obtained in order to use the existing natural gas transmission and terminal utilization Safe and high-value utilization of facilities. At present, the processes of industrial application of biogas decarbonization to prepare biological natural gas mainly include high-pressure water washing, physical absorption, chemical absorption, pressure swing adsorption, and membrane separation. The essence of these methods is to separate carbon dioxide from biogas and release it into the atmosphere. It is a kind of disposable decarbonization, which not only causes greenhouse gas emissions, but also greatly wastes carbon dioxide resources. If carbon dioxide hydromethanation is used for decarbonization, carbon dioxide resources can be used to increase the production of biological natural gas, which is a type of utilization decarbonization. The supply of hydrogen required for the carbon dioxide methanation reaction is not a major obstacle at present. Hydrogen can be obtained from electrolyzed water from wind power, photovoltaic power, and hydropower. Since electrical energy is difficult to store, energy storage can be achieved by electricity to gas. At present, Europe has begun to study the feasibility of the "Power to Gas" strategic plan.
Under the guidance of Li Dong, the graduate student of the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhu Xianpu carried out research on high-temperature in situ hydromethanation to produce biological natural gas, and directly fed hydrogen into the anaerobic digestion reactor of pig manure. In the unhydrogenated stage, 222 L / kg VS increased to 292 L / kg VS, and the average relative methane content increased from 66% to 83%. The analysis of microbial diversity shows that the strict hydrogen-trophic methanogens Methanoculleus, Methanobrevibacter, and Methanobacterium are the main methanogens of the high-temperature in-situ hydromethanization system, and the addition of exogenous hydrogen will weaken the same type of acetic acid-producing bacteria and hydrogen nutrients The cooperative relationship between methanogenic bacteria, and the addition of sodium formate as an inter-species electron transport carrier helps propionic acid degrade acetic acid production, thereby ensuring the stability of the system. The research provides new ideas for biogas production.
The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Key Research and Development Program, the International Cooperation Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Related results were published in the Journal of Cleaner Production.
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