Hybrid capacitor technology "secondarily intersects" secondary batteries and supercapacitors, combining high energy density, high power density, and long life. At present, lithium ion hybrid capacitors have been commercialized. However, insufficient lithium resources and uneven distribution will limit the large-scale application and sustainable development of lithium-based energy storage devices. Sodium and potassium resources are abundant, widely distributed, and inexpensive, and have similar physical and chemical characteristics to lithium, making sodium and potassium ion energy storage devices promising to be potential replacements for lithium-based energy storage systems. In recent years, their key materials and related technologies have developed rapidly.
The team of Yan Xingbin, a researcher in the Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials Laboratory of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been devoted to the research of new carbon materials and energy storage devices, and has developed a series of double-carbon high-performance new metal ion hybrid capacitors.
The researchers used thermal solid phase sintering to prepare a three-dimensional network carbon material in one step and obtained the key preparation technology of the network carbon material; and further used chemical activation technology to prepare a porous three-dimensional network carbon material (anode material) with excellent capacitance characteristics. Using the characteristics of the dual carbon system electrode material, such as stable electrochemical characteristics, excellent conductivity and good matching with the electrolyte, by optimizing the quality and kinetic matching characteristics of the positive and negative electrode active materials, the final construction has both high energy density and power density. The double carbon sodium ion hybrid capacitor with excellent cycle stability (as shown in Figure 1), the relevant results were published in Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1702409.
Recently, researchers used sodium carbonate as a template to synthesize carbon nanosheet anode materials by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology. This carbon nanosheet has the characteristics of good conductivity, rich defects, large interlayer spacing, and oxygen enrichment, which is conducive to ions. Storage and transmission. As a negative electrode material, the carbon nanosheet exhibits excellent potassium ion storage characteristics, which lays a foundation for constructing a high-performance potassium ion hybrid capacitor. Therefore, the researchers constructed a potassium ion hybrid capacitor using carbon nanosheet negative electrode materials and high-capacity nitrogen-doped three-dimensional carbon positive electrode materials (see Figure 2). Through material design and device optimization, the hybrid capacitor has excellent performance, with high energy density (149 Wh kg-1) and high power density (21 kW kg-1), as well as good cycle stability (80% retention of 5000 cycles) rate). Related results were published online in Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 1803894.
At the same time, the researchers also used the most commonly used candles as raw materials, prepared the onion carbon anode material by a simple combustion method, and assembled a high-performance double-carbon potassium ion hybrid capacitor (as shown in Figure 3), the relevant results are published online J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9TA01653H.
The above work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, the "13th Five-Year Plan" key strategic cultivation project and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Clean Energy Innovation Research Institute cooperation fund project.
Figure 1 Double carbon sodium ion hybrid capacitor
Figure 2 Double carbon potassium ion hybrid capacitor
Figure 3 Candle ash negative double carbon potassium ion hybrid capacitor
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