Wheat is an important food crop in China, and winter wheat accounts for more than 80% of the wheat planting area. Winter wheat needs more fertilizer. For every 50 kilograms of wheat produced, it needs to absorb 1.4-1.6 kilograms of nitrogen, 0.5-0.75 kilograms of phosphorus, 1.5-2 kilograms of potassium, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 1:0.33:1. It varies depending on the cultivated variety, soil, climate and Other conditions.
According to the analysis of wheat plants, 412 kg of winter wheat per mu, from the emergence and tillering to the winter, the nitrogen absorbed by the joints accounted for about 40% of the total growth period, and phosphorus and potassium accounted for 20% of the total, from the jointing At the flowering stage, about 48% of the total nitrogen is absorbed, 67% of the total amount of phosphorus, and 65% of the total amount of potassium.
According to the cultivation characteristics of winter wheat, fertilizer characteristics and agricultural production, we must grasp several points in scientific fertilization:
The first step is to apply the bottom fertilizer. The farmer said that “the wheat is rich in the fetusâ€, and there is a proper amount of nitrogen nutrition and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the seedling stage, so that the wheat seedlings are born early and have a certain amount of healthy tillers before winter, and they grow into ears, increase grain and gain weight after spring. basis. The amount of base fertilizer accounts for 60% to 70% of the total fertilization. Generally, 1 to 1.5 tons of farmyard manure, 10 kg of urea or 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 25 kg of superphosphate, 5 to 7.5 kg of potassium chloride, phosphate fertilizer and organic Fertilizer application can also improve fertilizer efficiency. If it is a kind of wheat on the saline-alkali soil, it is not suitable to apply potassium chloride, and it is necessary to apply potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate. If compound fertilizer is applied, it is calculated according to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen or phosphorus, potassium and potassium contained in the fertilizer. In the high fertility or the application of high-quality farmyard manure as the bottom fertilizer wheat field, the bottom fertilizer can not be applied with nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer can be used as top dressing. For late buckwheat or bottom-fertilized wheat fields with late wheat season, 5 kg of ammonium sulfate or 2.5 kg of urea can be used as seed fertilizer per acre, but ammonium bicarbonate is easy to be volatile and should not be used as seed fertilizer.
The second is to apply the top dressing, which is conducive to increasing the sputum and increasing the ear. After the spring wheat seedlings in the northern winter wheat area are returned to green, according to the seedlings, the fertilization of the seedlings in the wheat field (the leaf shape looks like pig ears) is 15 kg of calcium phosphate per mu, and the potassium fertilizer is 10 kg, without applying nitrogen fertilizer to prevent nitrogen and wheat seedlings. Long, causing late lodging to reduce production; for weak seedlings in wheat fields (leaf-like looks like horse ears) should be grasped early and topdressing, apply 15 to 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu or 5 to 7 kg of urea, preferably ditch deep application soil, It should not be applied to prevent loss of volatilization. For the weaker wheat fields, the wheat should be fertilized at the jointing stage, and the urea can be used for 3 to 4 kilograms per mu. The application of the ditch or the acupoints can be combined with watering when there are conditions. For the strong wheat field (the wheat leaf shape looks like a tick ear) ), the jointing period should control the management of fertilizer and water to prevent lodging. In the southern winter wheat area, due to the rain and the lack of light, the wheat seedlings tend to prosper. Generally, the application is not applied or the green joint fertilizer is applied, but the seedlings are applied as appropriate. Some fields in the booting stage of wheat may have a later stage of de-fertilization. At this time, partial fertilization is required. 5 to 10 kg of ammonium sulfate or 3 to 5 kg of urea per acre should be used as the booting fertilizer.
Finally, foliar fertilization is carried out in the late stage of wheat growth. At this time, the northern wheat area is often exposed to dry heat and wind damage. If 0.2% concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (50 kg of fertilizer solution per mu, 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate) is sprayed 1 or 2 times during the heading and flowering period, the interval between the two times is 10 days and a half, which can promote wheat. Grouting is strong and reduces the damage of dry hot air.
Increasing the yield of fertilizers When the crops are deficient, the yield increases with the increase of fertilization amount. When the crops are increased to a certain extent, the increase of fertilization amount is not obvious. The yield increase benefit per kg of fertilizer is decreased, and even the yield is reduced. Scientific fertilization can increase crop yield, benefit, and use fertilizer, while blind fertilization is easy to waste. At present, some wheat high-yield fields have excessive fertilization, which leads to a decrease in yield-increasing benefits and partial waste of fertilizer. Fertilization according to scientific fertilization rate will increase the yield increase efficiency.
The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is reasonable to the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the southern winter wheat area, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the winter wheat area in the north, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sandy loam soil. In some high-yield fields, attention should be paid to nitrogen control, phosphorus stabilization, and potassium supplementation.
Pay attention to the application method. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the soil quickly. It is generally applied before and during the jointing stage. It is best to apply the soil deeply. Phosphate fertilizer has poor mobility in soil, and fertilizer efficiency is slower than that of nitrogen fertilizer. Many of them are applied as base fertilizer before sowing. Potassium fertilizer can also be used as base fertilizer in the north because of the dry climate. In the rainy and humid southern wheat area, it is best to apply it in several stages. Fertilization in sandy soil is suitable for divided application.
According to the analysis of wheat plants, 412 kg of winter wheat per mu, from the emergence and tillering to the winter, the nitrogen absorbed by the joints accounted for about 40% of the total growth period, and phosphorus and potassium accounted for 20% of the total, from the jointing At the flowering stage, about 48% of the total nitrogen is absorbed, 67% of the total amount of phosphorus, and 65% of the total amount of potassium.
According to the cultivation characteristics of winter wheat, fertilizer characteristics and agricultural production, we must grasp several points in scientific fertilization:
The first step is to apply the bottom fertilizer. The farmer said that “the wheat is rich in the fetusâ€, and there is a proper amount of nitrogen nutrition and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the seedling stage, so that the wheat seedlings are born early and have a certain amount of healthy tillers before winter, and they grow into ears, increase grain and gain weight after spring. basis. The amount of base fertilizer accounts for 60% to 70% of the total fertilization. Generally, 1 to 1.5 tons of farmyard manure, 10 kg of urea or 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 25 kg of superphosphate, 5 to 7.5 kg of potassium chloride, phosphate fertilizer and organic Fertilizer application can also improve fertilizer efficiency. If it is a kind of wheat on the saline-alkali soil, it is not suitable to apply potassium chloride, and it is necessary to apply potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate. If compound fertilizer is applied, it is calculated according to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen or phosphorus, potassium and potassium contained in the fertilizer. In the high fertility or the application of high-quality farmyard manure as the bottom fertilizer wheat field, the bottom fertilizer can not be applied with nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer can be used as top dressing. For late buckwheat or bottom-fertilized wheat fields with late wheat season, 5 kg of ammonium sulfate or 2.5 kg of urea can be used as seed fertilizer per acre, but ammonium bicarbonate is easy to be volatile and should not be used as seed fertilizer.
The second is to apply the top dressing, which is conducive to increasing the sputum and increasing the ear. After the spring wheat seedlings in the northern winter wheat area are returned to green, according to the seedlings, the fertilization of the seedlings in the wheat field (the leaf shape looks like pig ears) is 15 kg of calcium phosphate per mu, and the potassium fertilizer is 10 kg, without applying nitrogen fertilizer to prevent nitrogen and wheat seedlings. Long, causing late lodging to reduce production; for weak seedlings in wheat fields (leaf-like looks like horse ears) should be grasped early and topdressing, apply 15 to 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu or 5 to 7 kg of urea, preferably ditch deep application soil, It should not be applied to prevent loss of volatilization. For the weaker wheat fields, the wheat should be fertilized at the jointing stage, and the urea can be used for 3 to 4 kilograms per mu. The application of the ditch or the acupoints can be combined with watering when there are conditions. For the strong wheat field (the wheat leaf shape looks like a tick ear) ), the jointing period should control the management of fertilizer and water to prevent lodging. In the southern winter wheat area, due to the rain and the lack of light, the wheat seedlings tend to prosper. Generally, the application is not applied or the green joint fertilizer is applied, but the seedlings are applied as appropriate. Some fields in the booting stage of wheat may have a later stage of de-fertilization. At this time, partial fertilization is required. 5 to 10 kg of ammonium sulfate or 3 to 5 kg of urea per acre should be used as the booting fertilizer.
Finally, foliar fertilization is carried out in the late stage of wheat growth. At this time, the northern wheat area is often exposed to dry heat and wind damage. If 0.2% concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (50 kg of fertilizer solution per mu, 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate) is sprayed 1 or 2 times during the heading and flowering period, the interval between the two times is 10 days and a half, which can promote wheat. Grouting is strong and reduces the damage of dry hot air.
Increasing the yield of fertilizers When the crops are deficient, the yield increases with the increase of fertilization amount. When the crops are increased to a certain extent, the increase of fertilization amount is not obvious. The yield increase benefit per kg of fertilizer is decreased, and even the yield is reduced. Scientific fertilization can increase crop yield, benefit, and use fertilizer, while blind fertilization is easy to waste. At present, some wheat high-yield fields have excessive fertilization, which leads to a decrease in yield-increasing benefits and partial waste of fertilizer. Fertilization according to scientific fertilization rate will increase the yield increase efficiency.
The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is reasonable to the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the southern winter wheat area, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the winter wheat area in the north, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sandy loam soil. In some high-yield fields, attention should be paid to nitrogen control, phosphorus stabilization, and potassium supplementation.
Pay attention to the application method. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the soil quickly. It is generally applied before and during the jointing stage. It is best to apply the soil deeply. Phosphate fertilizer has poor mobility in soil, and fertilizer efficiency is slower than that of nitrogen fertilizer. Many of them are applied as base fertilizer before sowing. Potassium fertilizer can also be used as base fertilizer in the north because of the dry climate. In the rainy and humid southern wheat area, it is best to apply it in several stages. Fertilization in sandy soil is suitable for divided application.
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