Under the Fermi subsystem, the nucleus has both liquid and molecular-like characteristics.
According to a report by the Physicist Organization Network on July 30th, a French research team recently proposed a new model by simulating neutron stars, unifying these two aspects, and for the first time demonstrating a necessary condition for nuclear clustering. The molecular nature of the nuclear helps people understand how elements are synthesized, and this is the key to life. Related papers were published in the latest issue of Nature.
When describing the nucleus, scientists usually treat it as a quantum liquid with a diameter of about one trillionth of a billionth of a meter. On the one hand, in the study of heavy nuclear fission that contains a large number of protons and neutrons, this kind of liquid-like properties can provide a reasonable explanation; on the other hand, light nuclei are like tiny “molecules†made up of neutrons and protons. Or "atomic clusters." In light cores ranging from helium to nickel, clustering is a common feature.
The "molecular-nucleus" and "liquid-nucleus" views exist simultaneously. Recently, a research team from the Institute of Nuclear Physics at the 11th University of Paris and the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) collaborated with the University of Zagreb in Croatia to propose a new model that unifies these two aspects.
The researchers found a mechanism for the conversion of atomic nuclei from liquid to crystalline states. Taking J-20 as an example, the theoretical framework of the energy density function covers the cluster state and quantum liquid properties of atomic nuclei. The equations show that the clustering conditions are related to the definition of the atomic potential depth. The depth of the potential determines the energy interval of a single nuclear orbital, that is, the region of the corresponding wave function, which determines the density of nuclear clustering. This is the clustering of nuclear groups. A necessary condition.
The researchers explained that light nuclei exhibit more molecular-like behavior (tends to become crystalline), while heavy nuclei show more liquid-like behavior. When the interaction between neutrons and protons is not strong enough to fix them in the nucleus, they will be in a quantum liquid state, leaving the protons and neutrons out of place. Conversely, in the crystalline state, neutrons and protons within the nucleus are fixed within a certain distance, and the “nucleus molecule†is in the middle of a quantum liquid and crystal.
In addition, they also predicted that there will be more obvious clustering structures, and the long-term goal of the study is to unify the theory of atomic nuclei formation in various states. (Chang Lijun)
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