Flange (joint) consists of a pair of flanges, a spacer and several bolts and nuts.
The gasket is placed between the two flange sealing surfaces. After the nut is tightened, the specific pressure on the surface of the gasket reaches a certain value and then deforms, and fills the unevenness on the sealing surface to make the joint tight.
A flanged joint is a detachable joint. According to the connected parts, it can be divided into container flange and pipe method; according to the structure type, there are integral flange, looper flange and threaded flange. Common integral flanges have flat weld flanges and butt weld flanges.
The flat welding flange has poor rigidity and is suitable for occasions with pressure p≤4MPa. The butt welding flange is also called high neck flange, which is relatively rigid and suitable for occasions with high pressure temperature.
There are three types of flange sealing surfaces: flat sealing surface, suitable for occasions where the pressure is not high and the medium is non-toxic; the concave and convex sealing surface is suitable for occasions with a slightly higher pressure;
The groove sealing surface is suitable for occasions with flammable, explosive, toxic medium and high pressure.
A butt flange gasket is a ring made of a material that is plastically deformed and has a certain strength. Most of the gaskets are cut from non-metal sheets or made by professional factories according to the specified size. The materials are asbestos rubber sheets, asbestos sheets, polyethylene sheets, etc.
It is also a metal-clad gasket made of a thin metal plate (white metal, stainless steel) wrapped with non-metallic materials such as asbestos; and a wound gasket made of a thin steel strip and an asbestos tape.
Ordinary rubber gaskets are suitable for temperatures below 120 °C; asbestos rubber gaskets are suitable for general corrosive applications where the water vapor temperature is below 450 ° C, for oil temperatures below 350 ° C, and pressures below 5 MPa. Medium, the most commonly used is acid-resistant asbestos board.
In high-voltage equipment and pipelines, lens or other shapes of metal gaskets made of copper, aluminum, 10 steel, and stainless steel are used.
The contact width between the high pressure gasket and the sealing surface is very narrow (line contact), and the sealing surface and the gasket have a high processing finish.
Low-pressure small-diameter wire-bonded flanges, high-pressure and low-pressure large diameters are all welded flanges. The thickness of the flanges of different pressures and the diameter and number of connecting bolts are different.
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