Abstract In recent years, global energy shortages and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent. As one of the most promising clean energy industries, the solar photovoltaic industry is receiving high attention and rapid development from all over the world. China's photovoltaic industry is highly integrated from capital, talent, technology, market, etc...
    In recent years, global energy shortages and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent. As one of the most promising clean energy industries, the solar photovoltaic industry is receiving high attention and rapid development from all over the world. China's photovoltaic industry is highly integrated into the trend of international industry development from the aspects of capital, talents, technology and market, and makes full use of its own advantages to develop rapidly. It has become one of the few industries in China that can simultaneously participate in international competition and have achieved certain international competitive advantages. However, due to the existence of various structural contradictions and the deterioration of the external development environment, industrial development has been in trouble in the near future. This paper will expound the overall situation and existing problems of China's PV industry development, and briefly introduce the work carried out by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in relevant links. We are willing to discuss with the people who care about and support the development of China's PV industry, and propose to guide the industry out. An effective way to achieve difficulties and achieve healthy development. Development Overview
    In recent years, China's photovoltaic industry has seized the opportunities of international market and industrial development, fully exerted its own advantages, and gradually gained advantages in international competition. At present, China's backbone photovoltaic enterprises have mastered the production process of 10,000-ton polysilicon and the complete production process of crystalline silicon cells. In 2011, China's polysilicon production was 84,000 tons, and the self-sufficiency rate reached 50%. The solar cell output was 21GW, up 100% year-on-year. It ranked first in the world for five consecutive years. The newly added PV installed capacity was 3.5GW, an increase of 400%. In 2012, the output of polysilicon was 70,000 tons, the output of solar cells was 23GW, the newly installed capacity was 4.5GW, and the cumulative installed capacity exceeded 8GW. The total industrial output value of the whole industry was nearly 200 billion yuan, and the number of direct employment exceeded 300,000.
    At the same time, since 2010, as the world economic situation continues to oscillate, the European debt crisis has continued to deepen, major PV market policies have changed, emerging markets have started slowly, international trade frictions have increased, and the global PV industry has entered a period of adjustment. At the same time, China's solar photovoltaic industry is also due to the blind expansion of production capacity in recent years, the development of disorderly, the production capacity far exceeds the market demand, etc., the supply and demand are relatively unbalanced, the volume increase and fall, the industrial development into the "cold winter": product prices The sharp decline, from the beginning of 2011 to the beginning of 2013, polysilicon and photovoltaic cell prices fell 77% and 71% to 16 US dollars / kg and 0.35 US dollars / watt, greatly exceeding the company's affordability; in 2012 domestic enterprises lost money across the board, 11 in the United States The total liabilities of listed companies are nearly 150 billion yuan, and the average asset-liability ratio of the main business is about 80%. More than half of the enterprises are shut down or semi-discontinued, and polysilicon enterprises are still producing less than 20%. Some key enterprises are facing tremendous pressure from the market and funds. The risk of bankruptcy has become increasingly prominent.
Face the problem
    The current difficulties faced by China's photovoltaic industry are the result of various internal and external factors, but the overall consideration is mainly the following aspects.
    First, the industrial development is disorderly, the capacity expansion is too fast, and the imbalance between supply and demand is prominent. As the photovoltaic industry is concentrated as a new energy industry, the industry entry threshold is low, and foreign short-term subsidies form a high-profit temptation. Many domestic provinces and cities have proposed to vigorously develop the photovoltaic industry, and 20 regions claim to reach a scale of 100 billion yuan. The domestic PV industry is expanding blindly, and its production capacity far exceeds market demand. The number of enterprises exceeds 1,000, most of which are small in scale and concentrated in the processing and manufacturing of the middle and lower reaches.
    Second, the market is highly dependent on foreign countries, and the domestic application policy system needs to be improved. China's market application support policy is still not perfect. The projects such as the Golden Sun Project have difficulties in grid-connected photovoltaic power generation. The system of land use and subsidy is still not perfect, and the situation of abandoning electricity and electricity has appeared. There is a serious deviation between the application mode and the industrial characteristics. In the early stage, too much attention was paid to the construction of large-scale photovoltaic power plants, and the corresponding obstacles such as power consumption and transmission were neglected. The advantages of “distributed development and nearby utilization†of photovoltaic power generation were not fully reflected. Diversified photovoltaic products And the application market has not yet formed.
    The third is the lack of technology and innovation, and the subsequent development faces challenges. In the early stage of development, China's photovoltaic industry mainly reduced the cost and earned processing and manufacturing expenses by accumulating wood-type industrial scale. However, there are still major gaps in key technologies. Some key equipment and electronic materials such as fully automatic screen printing machines and silver paste materials While still relying on imports, the advantages of competition in the entire industry chain are weakening. In addition, the basic theory and core technology research and development lags behind, and new products and new technologies such as new laminated batteries and quantum dot technology are insufficiently stocked, and subsequent development is not optimistic.
    Fourth, the protection of international trade has risen and the external environment for industrial development has deteriorated. In 2011, the United States launched a "double anti-subsidy" (counter-subsidy, anti-dumping) investigation on China's solar photovoltaic products exported to the United States. In October 2012, the United States made a final ruling, imposing a countervailing duty of 14.78% to 15.97% on my photovoltaic products. 18.32% to 249.96% anti-dumping duties. The EU also launched a “double-reverse†survey on my PV products exported to Europe in September and November 2012, and will make a preliminary ruling in June this year. The deterioration of the external trade environment has further increased the burden of industrial development.
The main work
We should be soberly aware that the solar photovoltaic industry as a strategic emerging industry, the current overcapacity, the relative imbalance between supply and demand is temporary, and industrial development still has good prospects. At present, it is necessary to implement various measures to optimize the industrial structure, establish a mechanism to adapt to industrial development, strengthen overall planning, project support, policy guidance, and focus on expanding domestic demand to help the industry get rid of difficulties and promote industrial health and sustainable development. .
    As the competent department of the industry, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has always attached great importance to the development of the photovoltaic industry, and has carried out a lot of work for this purpose: formulated and issued the “12th Five-Year Development Plan for Solar Photovoltaic Industry†and actively implemented it; through the Electronic Development Fund The technical transformation funds and other strong support for the research and development and industrialization of key technologies in the photovoltaic industry. Recently, in accordance with the spirit of the State Council executive meeting on promoting the healthy development of the photovoltaic industry, we are focusing on the development of the "Environmental Access Conditions for the Solar Photovoltaic Industry" and related management measures, which will be released as soon as possible after extensive consultation with relevant departments.
Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has taken into account the problems faced by the photovoltaic industry and related system shortcomings. It plans to strengthen the management of the photovoltaic industry through the implementation of the following measures, support the technological innovation of enterprises, establish and improve the standard system of the photovoltaic industry, strengthen the construction of relevant organizations, etc. Improve the industrial policy system and promote the healthy development of the industry.
    1. Accelerate the establishment of the photovoltaic industry access system, formulate and publish the "Environmental Access Conditions for Solar Photovoltaic Industry" and related management measures, and timely release relevant access lists to promote the elimination of backward production capacity and the improvement of comprehensive industrial competitiveness.
    2. Improve industrial concentration, prevent blind expansion of production capacity and regional blind investment, encourage advantageous enterprises to carry out mergers and acquisitions through capital, technology, brand, etc., reduce vicious competition, eliminate backward production capacity, and gradually form industrial development advantages.
    3. Through the electronic development fund, technology transformation project funds and other means, continue to support high-efficiency crystalline silicon cells, self-contained photovoltaic systems and other photovoltaic industry related process improvement, technology research and development and industrialization, and effectively improve the industry's comprehensive technical level.
    4. To carry out comprehensive standardization work of the photovoltaic industry, establish a comprehensive standardization technical system for the photovoltaic industry, promote the revision and revision of industry-related standards, support the construction of industry-related inspection platforms, and improve product testing capabilities and technical levels.
    5. Based on the China Photovoltaic Industry Alliance, the China Photovoltaic Industry Association will be established, and the association will actively carry out industrial exchanges and cooperation, respond to international trade frictions, promote fair trade in photovoltaics, and create a good environment for industrial development.
The solar photovoltaic industry is a strategic emerging industry and one of the few new energy industries with international leading advantages in China. The development of the photovoltaic industry is of great significance for adjusting the energy structure, promoting the transformation of energy production and consumption patterns, and promoting the construction of ecological civilization. The current difficulties encountered by China's photovoltaic industry are not only the severe challenges facing industrial development, but also an opportunity to promote industrial upgrading and upgrading. In particular, the cost of photovoltaic power generation has fallen sharply, providing favorable conditions for expanding the domestic market. All relevant departments of the industry, industry organizations, research institutions and even the whole society should pay close attention to the development of the photovoltaic industry, co-ordinate all resources and work together to promote the comprehensive, healthy and sustainable development of China's solar photovoltaic industry.
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