The application method of water-flooding is also called “flushing and fertilizingâ€. Generally, it is a top dressing that provides supplemental nutrition during the rapid growth of crops. Since it is supplemental fertilization, it cannot replace the main fertilization methods such as base fertilizer. However, because this method is convenient and fast, it is widely used in vegetable fields and irrigated land for growing economic crops and special food crops.
Farmers everywhere are used to putting fertilizers of different sizes of granular compound fertilizer, urea, potassium chloride and other fertilizers in buckets or directly in the heads of the farmland. The fertilizers reach the crop roots of the farmland along with the water flow, during which the fertilizer pellets Whether it dissolves or not is not clear. For example, the calcium from the southern farmers and the ammonium phosphate from the northern farmers will remain on the surface for a long time, and the large particles of urea will not dissolve completely. At higher temperatures, severe ammonia volatilization will occur. Therefore, flush fertilization is different from drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other fertigation, and some local management is extensive or even flooded with large water to apply fertilizer. This fertilization method of flood irrigation highlights a word of “rushingâ€, which is easy to cause nitrogen. A large amount of loss will also cause a problem of low water use efficiency.
At present, the fertilization is mainly used for the vigorous seasoning of vegetable crops, and is widely used in greenhouse cultivation and open vegetables. Because the fertilization effect is fast, it usually takes effect from 2~3 days to 3~5 days after rushing. It is reflected in the change of leaf color and plant height, which is in line with the psychology of some eager growers. Therefore, it is fertilized. It has been widely used for many years.
Considering the high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency crops and the environmental protection of agricultural production targets and the lack of rural labor force, in order to take advantage of the advantages of “flushing and fertilizing†to avoid its shortcomings, the technical essentials of “flushing and fertilizing†are briefly described as follows:
Correct selection of fertilizer types for fertilization
Only water soluble fertilizers can be applied with water. Urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are commonly used in nitrogen fertilizer; potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are used in potassium fertilizer, and potassium nitrate is also used. In the phosphate fertilizer, even the water-soluble phosphorus monoammonium and phosphorus diammonium should not be applied, because the phosphate fertilizer has poor mobility and is easily fixed, and cannot penetrate into the root layer with water. The best application method of phosphate fertilizer can only be layered into the soil to improve its utilization.
One-time nutrient content
Must be streamlined in high-yield vegetable cultivation, the amount of pure nitrogen should be controlled at 2~3 kg/mu, especially the nitrate nitrogen should be controlled below 2~3 kg/mu, and the limited amount of potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) Generally in 2~4 kg/mu; otherwise, the waste and loss of nutrients are large. It not only reduces the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, but also may cause pollution to water quality. The fertilization of the whole growth period is generally 2 times.
Period of fertilization
In the large-scale growth period of crops, if the vegetables are in the fruit-bearing period and picking melons and fruits, and in the bagging period of Chinese cabbage, in the cultivation of autumn vegetables, the temperature is selected to fall, the mineralization of soil is reduced, and the vegetable crops are large. The growth period is appropriate.
Control of irrigation amount
Under the irrigation mode, the flooding is prevented from flooding. When the canal is filled, the depth of the ditch is appropriate to the amount of water to prevent the nutrients dissolved in the water from being lost with water.
Many farmers like to use this method of topdressing. It is effective to use it well. However, in order to pursue the effect of the surface, regardless of the cost, the use of a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer on one side and the abuse of fertilization will lead to a long vegetable, a decline in quality, a decrease in fertilizer utilization rate, a large loss of nitrogen, and an increase in salinization of soil properties.
Some people smashed the granular high-concentration compound fertilizer and rushed it; some people used unfertilized insoluble solid organic fertilizer or microbial preparations as fertilizers, which are not appropriate.
In short, in principle, we must master the following points:
The method of fertilization should be used in a timely and appropriate amount, mainly for top dressing in intensive vegetable cultivation, mainly applying nitrogen and potassium.
There are four kinds of fertilizers that do not apply, one does not apply phosphorus; the other does not apply granular compound fertilizer; three does not flush solid organic fertilizer; four does not flush microbial preparations or fertilizer.
Farmers everywhere are used to putting fertilizers of different sizes of granular compound fertilizer, urea, potassium chloride and other fertilizers in buckets or directly in the heads of the farmland. The fertilizers reach the crop roots of the farmland along with the water flow, during which the fertilizer pellets Whether it dissolves or not is not clear. For example, the calcium from the southern farmers and the ammonium phosphate from the northern farmers will remain on the surface for a long time, and the large particles of urea will not dissolve completely. At higher temperatures, severe ammonia volatilization will occur. Therefore, flush fertilization is different from drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other fertigation, and some local management is extensive or even flooded with large water to apply fertilizer. This fertilization method of flood irrigation highlights a word of “rushingâ€, which is easy to cause nitrogen. A large amount of loss will also cause a problem of low water use efficiency.
At present, the fertilization is mainly used for the vigorous seasoning of vegetable crops, and is widely used in greenhouse cultivation and open vegetables. Because the fertilization effect is fast, it usually takes effect from 2~3 days to 3~5 days after rushing. It is reflected in the change of leaf color and plant height, which is in line with the psychology of some eager growers. Therefore, it is fertilized. It has been widely used for many years.
Considering the high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency crops and the environmental protection of agricultural production targets and the lack of rural labor force, in order to take advantage of the advantages of “flushing and fertilizing†to avoid its shortcomings, the technical essentials of “flushing and fertilizing†are briefly described as follows:
Correct selection of fertilizer types for fertilization
Only water soluble fertilizers can be applied with water. Urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are commonly used in nitrogen fertilizer; potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are used in potassium fertilizer, and potassium nitrate is also used. In the phosphate fertilizer, even the water-soluble phosphorus monoammonium and phosphorus diammonium should not be applied, because the phosphate fertilizer has poor mobility and is easily fixed, and cannot penetrate into the root layer with water. The best application method of phosphate fertilizer can only be layered into the soil to improve its utilization.
One-time nutrient content
Must be streamlined in high-yield vegetable cultivation, the amount of pure nitrogen should be controlled at 2~3 kg/mu, especially the nitrate nitrogen should be controlled below 2~3 kg/mu, and the limited amount of potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) Generally in 2~4 kg/mu; otherwise, the waste and loss of nutrients are large. It not only reduces the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, but also may cause pollution to water quality. The fertilization of the whole growth period is generally 2 times.
Period of fertilization
In the large-scale growth period of crops, if the vegetables are in the fruit-bearing period and picking melons and fruits, and in the bagging period of Chinese cabbage, in the cultivation of autumn vegetables, the temperature is selected to fall, the mineralization of soil is reduced, and the vegetable crops are large. The growth period is appropriate.
Control of irrigation amount
Under the irrigation mode, the flooding is prevented from flooding. When the canal is filled, the depth of the ditch is appropriate to the amount of water to prevent the nutrients dissolved in the water from being lost with water.
Many farmers like to use this method of topdressing. It is effective to use it well. However, in order to pursue the effect of the surface, regardless of the cost, the use of a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer on one side and the abuse of fertilization will lead to a long vegetable, a decline in quality, a decrease in fertilizer utilization rate, a large loss of nitrogen, and an increase in salinization of soil properties.
Some people smashed the granular high-concentration compound fertilizer and rushed it; some people used unfertilized insoluble solid organic fertilizer or microbial preparations as fertilizers, which are not appropriate.
In short, in principle, we must master the following points:
The method of fertilization should be used in a timely and appropriate amount, mainly for top dressing in intensive vegetable cultivation, mainly applying nitrogen and potassium.
There are four kinds of fertilizers that do not apply, one does not apply phosphorus; the other does not apply granular compound fertilizer; three does not flush solid organic fertilizer; four does not flush microbial preparations or fertilizer.
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